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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morrill, Justin Smith 1810- (search)
r. Gladstone asserts that in your protected trades profits are hard pressed by wages. The fair inference is—reversing the proposition—that profits of capital are not hard pressed by wages under free-trade. In other words, wages must be hard pressed by free-trade, and this is painfully exhibited by the present abounding strikes of British workmen. Mr. Gladstone gives Mr. Griffen as authority on British wages, and claims that from 1833 to 1883 the wages paid on exportable manufactures of Bradford and Huddersfield have advanced 20 and 30 per cent. Why go back so far when the cornplete enjoyment of free-trade is only claimed for less than thirty years? It would possibly be more fair to assume that much of the advance claimed may have occurred long before the era of free-trade. In America we go back further than 1860 to claim an advance of more than double the amount specified in the wages of laborers, both in factories and on farms. But, as Mr. Gladstone does not insist that wages
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Narraganset Indians, (search)
ch occupied the territory now comprised in the State of Rhode Island. Industrious and hardy, they were numerous, and had twelve towns within a distance of 20 miles. Their chief, Canonicus, sent a bundle of arrows tied with a snake-skin to Governor Bradford, of Plymouth, indicating his hostility. Bradford returned the skin filled with gunpowder. Canonicus was alarmed, and remained peaceable, especially after banished Roger Williams won their good — will by his kindness. They accompanied MasBradford returned the skin filled with gunpowder. Canonicus was alarmed, and remained peaceable, especially after banished Roger Williams won their good — will by his kindness. They accompanied Massachusetts troops against the Pequods in 1637, and in 1644 ceded their lands to the British King. The Narragansets having violated the terms of a treaty made in 1644, the New England Congress, under the provisions of the union or confederation, sent messengers to the offending Indians requiring their appearance at Boston. At first they treated the messengers kindly, but finally declared that they would not have peace until they received the head of Uncas. Roger Williams warned the congress th
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), New York, colony of (search)
the Delaware and the English on the Connecticut River. During his administration he subdued the Swedes (1655), and annexed the territory to New Netherland. Finally serious political troubles overtook the colony. From the beginning of the settlement the English claimed New Netherland as a part of Virginia, resting their claim upon the discovery of Cabot. In 1622 the English minister at The Hague demanded the abandonment of the Dutch settlements on the Hudson. Five years afterwards Governor Bradford, of Plymouth, gave notice to Governor Minuit that the patent of New England covered the domain of New Netherland. In the spring of 1664 Charles II. granted to his brother James, Duke of York, all New Netherland, including the region of country between the Hudson and Delaware rivers; and in August the same year an English fleet appeared before New Amsterdam and demanded its surrender. Governor Stuyvesant resisted for a while, but was compelled to comply, and the whole territory cla
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Oldham, John 1600- (search)
consultations of the governor with his council. It was soon discovered that Lyford and Oldham were plotting treason against the Church and State. Several letters written by Lyford to the London partners, breathing sedition, were discovered by Bradford as they were about to be sent abroad. The governor kept quiet for a while, but when Lyford set up a separate congregation, with a few of the colonists whom he had seduced, and held meetings on the Sabbath, Bradford summoned a General Court (162Bradford summoned a General Court (1624), before whom the offending clergyman and his companions were arraigned on a charge of seditious correspondence. They denied the accusation, when they were confronted by Lyford's letters, in which he defamed the settlers, advised the London partners to prevent Robinson and the rest of his congregation coming to America, as they would interfere with his church schemes, and avowed his intention of removing the stigma of schism by a regularly organized church. A third conspirator had written
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Philadelphia, (search)
with an idea of the disposition which he hoped would prevail there. Liberty in the colony caused a great influx of emigrants, and in the space of two years Philadelphia had grown so rapidly that there were 600 houses. There had arrived in 1682 twenty-eight ships. A large emigration, chiefly of Friends, arrived there from Holland, Germany, England, and Wales in 1683-84; and the population was estimated, at the close of the latter year, at 2,500. Schools were established; and in 1687 William Bradford set up a printing-press. A city charter was given by Penn, Oct. 28, 1701, and a court-house was built in 1707. During the whole colonial period Philadelphia was the most important city in the country, and remained so for more than a quarter of a century after the establishment of State government in Pennsylvania in 1776. Writing to Lord Halifax from Philadelphia, Penn said, with righteous exultation, I must, without vanity, say I have led the greatest colony into America that ever an
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pilgrim fathers, the (search)
the Speedwell (July, 1620), and in August sailed from Southampton, but, on account of the leakiness of the ship, were twice compelled to return to port. Dismissing this unseaworthy vessel, 101 of the number who came from Leyden sailed in the Mayflower, Sept. 6 (O. S.). These included the Pilgrim fathers, so called. The following are the names of the forty-one persons who signed the constitution of government on board the Mayflower, and are known as the Pilgrim Fathers: John Carver, William Bradford, Edward Winslow, William Brewster, Isaac Allerton, Myles Standish, John Alden, Samuel Fuller, Christopher Martin, William Mullins, William White, Richard Warren, John Howland, Stephen Hopkins, Edward Tilley, John Tilley, Francis Cook, Thomas Rogers, Thomas Tinker, John Ridgedale, Edward Fuller, John Turner, Francis Eaton, James Chilton, John Crackston, John Billington, Moses Fletcher, John Goodman, Degory Priest, Thomas Williams, Gilbert Winslow, Edward Margeson, Peter Brown, Richard Br
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pillow, Fort (search)
ing of April 13, drove in the pickets, and began an assault. A sharp battle ensued. About nine o'clock Major Booth was killed, and the command devolved on Major Bradford. The whole force was then called within the fort, and the fight was maintained until past noon. Meanwhile the gunboat New Era, of the Mississippi squadron. his troops to favorable positions for attack, which could not have been gained while the garrison was free to fight. By this trick he gained a great advantage. Bradford refused to surrender, and Forrest gave a signal, when his men sprang from their hiding-places, which they had gained by treachery, and, with a cry of No quarter!ite and black—were indiscriminately slaughtered. The massacre continued until night, and was renewed in the morning. Fully 300 were murdered in cold blood. Major Bradford, who was a native of a slave-labor State, was a special object of Forrest's hatred. He regarded him as a traitor to the South. While on his way towards Jack
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Printing-press, the (search)
was introduced into the thirteen original States of the United States by the following named persons at the time and place noted: MassachusettsCambridgeStephen Day1639 VirginiaWilliamsburgJohn Buckner1680-82 Pennsylvanianear PhiladelphiaWilliam Bradford1685 New YorkNew York CityWilliam Bradford1693 ConnecticutNew LondonThomas Short1709 MarylandAnnapolisWilliam Parks1726 South CarolinaCharlestonEleazer Phillips1730 Rhode IslandNewportJames Franklin1732 New JerseyWoodbridgeJames Parker1delphiaWilliam Bradford1685 New YorkNew York CityWilliam Bradford1693 ConnecticutNew LondonThomas Short1709 MarylandAnnapolisWilliam Parks1726 South CarolinaCharlestonEleazer Phillips1730 Rhode IslandNewportJames Franklin1732 New JerseyWoodbridgeJames Parker1751 North CarolinaNew-BerneJames Davis1749 New HampshirePortsmouthDaniel Fowle1756 DelawareWilmingtonJames Adams1761 GeorgiaSavannahJames Johnston1762 The first book published in America was issued in 1536 in the city of Mexico.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Quakers, Christian (search)
surveyor of east Jersey, and at this time master of the Friends' school at Philadelphia. He was a champion of the Quakers against Cotton Mather and the Boston ministers. He pressed the doctrine of non-resistance to its logical conclusion, that this principle was not consistent with the exercise of political authority. He also attacked negro slavery as inconsistent with those principles. So sharply did Keith criticise the shortcomings of his co-religionists that he was disowned by the Yearly Meeting, when he forthwith instituted a meeting of his own, to which he gave the name of Christian Quakers. A Testimony of Denial was put forth against Keith, who replied in a published address, in which he handled his adversaries without mercy. The Quaker magistrates fined him for insolence, and William Bradford, the only printer in the colony, was called to account for having published Keith's address. He was discharged, but was so annoyed that he removed his printing business to New York.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), State of Rhode Island, (search)
ican) May, 1885 John W. Davis (Democrat) May 1887 Royal C. Taft (Republican) May 1888 H. W. Ladd (Republican) May 1889 John W. Davis (Democrat)May 1890 H. W. Ladd (Republican) May 1891 D. Russell Brown (Republican)May 1892-96 Charles W. Lippitt (Republican)May 1896-97 Elisha Dyer (Republican)May 1897-1900 William Gregory (Republican) 1900-1901 United States Senators. Name. No. of Congress. Term. Theodore Foster1st to 8th 1789 to 1803 Joseph Stanton 1st to 3d 1789 to 1793 William Bradford 3d to 5th 1793 to 1797 Ray Greene 5th to 7th 1797 to 1801 Christopher Ellery 7th to 9th 1801 to 1805 Samuel J. Potter 8th 1803 to 1804 Benjamin Howland 8th to 11th 1804 to 1809 James Fenner 9th to 10th 1805 to 1807 Elisha Matthewson 10th to 12th 1807 to 1811 Francis Malbone 11th 1809 Christopher G. Champlain 11th to 12th 1810 to 1811 William Hunter 12th to 17th 1811 to 1821 Jeremiah B. Howell 12th to 15th 1811 to 1817 James Burrell, Jr. 15th to 16th 1817 to 1820 Nehemiah R.