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ining years of his life for? Can Judge Douglas find any body on earth that said that any body else should form a Constitution for a people? [A voice, Yes. ] Well, I should like you to name him ; I should like to know who he was. [Same voice, John Calhoun. ] Mr. Lincoln--No, Sir, I never heard of even John Calhoun saying such a thing. He insisted on the same principle as Judge Douglas ; but, his mode of applying it, in fact, was wrong. It is enough for my purpose to ask this crowd, when ever John Calhoun saying such a thing. He insisted on the same principle as Judge Douglas ; but, his mode of applying it, in fact, was wrong. It is enough for my purpose to ask this crowd, when ever a Republican said anything against it? They never said anything against it, but they have constantly spoken for it ; and whosoever will undertake to examine the platform, and the speeches of responsible men of the party, and of irresponsible men, too, if you please, will be unable to find one word from anybody in the Republican ranks, opposed to that Popular Sovereignty which Judge Douglas thinks that he has invented. I suppose that Judge Douglas will claim in a little while, that he is the in
Abraham Lincoln, Stephen A. Douglas, Debates of Lincoln and Douglas: Carefully Prepared by the Reporters of Each Party at the times of their Delivery., The last joint debate, at Alton, October 15, 1858. (search)
of the country, and it will be a matter of great astonishment to me if they shall be able to find that one human being three years ago had ever uttered the astounding sentiment that the term all men in the Declaration did not include the negro. Do not let me be misunderstood. I know that more then three years ago there were men who, finding this assertion constantly in the way of their schemes to bring about the ascendancy and perpetuation of slavery, denied the truth of it. I know that Mr. Calhoun and all the politicians of his school denied the truth of the Declaration. I know that it ran along in the mouth of some Southern men for a period of years, ending at last in that shameful though rather forcible declaration of Pettit of Indiana, upon the floor of the United States Senate, that the Declaration of Independence was in that respect a self-evident lie, rather than a self-evident truth. But I say, with a perfect knowledge of all this hawking at the Declaration without directl
m in the preceding fall, recommended him to John Calhoun, then surveyor of the county, as suitable m possibly the most profitable in the county. Calhoun, the incumbent, was a Yankee and a typical ge better part of two evenings in the contest. Calhoun was polite, affable, and an honest debater, ne controversy. I have heard Lincoln say that Calhoun gave him more trouble in his debates than Douof Lincoln's friends was sufficient to induce Calhoun to appoint him one of his deputies. At the tring news. Lincoln, being a Whig and knowing Calhoun's pronounced Democratic tendencies, enquired hundred defeats. After taking service with Calhoun, Lincoln found he had but little if any practe of surveying — all that had to be learned. Calhoun furnished him with books, directing him to st belonged to the people. As surveyor under Calhoun he was sent for at one time to decide or loca was written January 14, 1834, and is signed J. Calhoun, S. S. C., by A. Lincoln. The survey was ma[3 more...]
nge in the office of Surveyor for the county he became a deputy under Thomas M. Neale, who had been elected to succeed John Calhoun. The speculation in lands made a brisk business for the new surveyor, who even added Calhoun, his predecessor, to thCalhoun, his predecessor, to the list of deputies. Lincoln had now become somewhat established in the good — will and respect of his constituents. His bashfulness and timidity was gradually giving way to a feeling of self-confidence, and he began to exult over his ability to stre brilliant fire flashed when these great minds came into collision. Here were wont to gather Lincoln, Douglas, Baker, Calhoun, Browning, Lamborn, Jesse B. Thomas and others. Only those who were present and listened to these embryonic statesmen acs. In answer to Douglas's challenge the contest was entered into. It took place in the Presbyterian Church. Douglas, Calhoun, Lamborn, and Thomas represented the Democrats; and Logan, Baker, Browning, and Lincoln, in the order named, presented t
. The anti-slavery people quoted the article as having been endorsed by a Democratic newspaper in Springfield, and Lincoln himself used it with telling effect. He joined in the popular denunciation, expressing great astonishment that such a sentiment could find lodgement in any paper in Illinois, although he knew full well how the whole thing had been carried through. During the remainder of the State-Fair week, speeches were made by Lyman Trumbull, Sidney Breese, E. D. Taylor, and John Calhoun, none of which unfortunately have been preserved. Among those who mingled in the crowd and listened to them was Owen Lovejoy, a radical, fiery, brave, fanatical man, it may be, but one full of the virus of Abolitionism. I had been thoroughly inoculated with the latter myself, and so had many others, who helped to swell the throng. The Nebraska movement had kindled anew the old.zeal, and inspired us with renewed confidence to begin the crusade. As many of us as could, assembled togethe
eat questions of state having been pretty well settled in his own mind, and a few days yet remaining before his final departure, his neighbors and old friends called to take leave of him and pay their best respects. Many of these callers were from New Salem, where he had made his start in life, and each one had some pleasant or amusing incident of earlier days to call up when they met. Hannah Armstrong, who had foxed his trowsers with buckskin in the days when he served as surveyor under John Calhoun, and whose son Lincoln had afterwards acquitted in the trial for murder at Beardstown, gave positive evidence of the interest she took in his continued rise in the world. Dear mother: Chapman tells me he wants you to go and live with him. If I were you I would try it awhile. If you et tired of it (as I think you will not) you can return to our own home. Chapman feels very kindly to you; and I have no doubt he will make your situation very pleasant. Sincerely your son, A. Lin
s business experience, and the newspapers he handled provided him an abundance of reading matter on topics of both local and national importance up to the latest dates. Those were stirring times, even on the frontier. The Sangamo Journal of December 30, 1832, printed Jackson's nullification proclamation. The same paper, of March 9, 1833, contained an editorial on Clay's compromise, and that of the 16th had a notice of the great nullification debate in Congress. The speeches of Clay, Calhoun, and Webster were published in full during the following month, and Mr. Lincoln could not well help reading them and joining in the feelings and comments they provoked. While the town of New Salem was locally dying, the county of Sangamon and the State of Illinois were having what is now called a boom. Other wide-awake newspapers, such as the Missouri Republican and Louisville Journal, abounded in notices of the establishment of new stage lines and the general rush of immigration. But
st and fifty north and south, and was compelled to appoint deputies to assist him. The name of the county surveyor was John Calhoun, recognized by all his contemporaries in Sangamon as a man of education and talent and an aspiring Democratic politician. It was not an easy matter for Calhoun to find properly qualified deputies, and when he became acquainted with Lincoln, and learned his attainments and aptitudes, and the estimation in which he was held by the people of New Salem, he wisely conint and Gibson a little, and went at it. This procured bread, and kept soul and body together. Tradition has it that Calhoun not only gave him the appointment, but lent him the book in which to study the art, which he accomplished in a period oft must have taken place in the summer of 1833, as there exists a certificate of survey in Lincoln's handwriting signed, J. Calhoun, S. S. C., by A. Lincoln, dated January 14, 1834. Before June of that year he had surveyed and located a public road f
n of the politician, therefore, is one of continuous watchfulness and activity, and he must have intimate knowledge of details if he would work out grand results. Activity in politics also produces eager competition and sharp rivalry. In 1839 the seat of government was definitely transferred from Vandalia to Springfield, and there soon gathered at the new State capital a group of young men whose varied ability and future success in public service has rarely been excelled-Douglas, Shields, Calhoun, Stuart, Logan, Baker, Treat, Hardin, Trumbull, McClernand, Browning, McDougall, and others. His new surroundings greatly stimulated and reinforced Mr. Lincoln's growing experience and spreading acquaintance, giving him a larger share and wider influence in local and State politics. He became a valued and sagacious adviser in party caucuses, and a power in party conventions. Gradually, also, his gifts as an attractive and persuasive campaign speaker were making themselves felt and app
rsing their infamous code of laws. Nov. 14. Attended a law and order meeting of ruffians, held at Leavenworth, and declared his deter-mination to enforce the laws at all hazards: and this after the delivery of the most sanguinary speeches by Calhoun and other office-holders, in the course of which Judge Perkins (one of the most conservative of them all--subsequently a District Judge), told them to Trust to their rifles, and to enforce the laws, if abolition blood flowed as free as tile turbturn, left the Court for the purpose of rejoining him, and indulging in his habits also. The mention of bar-rooms naturally reminds us of another celebrated Kansas official, whose name, quite recently, was in all men's mouths. I refer to Mr. John Calhoun. He has been a faithful servant of both Administrations. As early as November, 1856, he distinguished himself, at the Law and Order Convention at Leavenworth, as an ultra and bloodthirsty member of the pro-slavery party. On that occasion