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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 20 2 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Alaskan boundary, the. (search)
inister for foreign affairs, and M. Poletica. Great Britain was represented first by Sir Charles Bagot, and then by Stratford Canning; the United States by Henry Middleton. The United States and Great Britain at one time entertained the intention oew to facilitate the withdrawal of this pretension, Great Britain proposed a settlement of limits. G. Canning to Stratford Canning, Dec. 8, 1824. The actual geographical features of the territory were to a great extent unknown. Vancouver had nav, and to substitute generally that which we only suggested as a connection of their first proposition. G. Canning to S. Canning. Dec. 8. 1824. Accordingly, Mr. Stratford Canning, who had lately been appointed a plenipotentiary to conclude the convMr. Stratford Canning, who had lately been appointed a plenipotentiary to conclude the convention, proposed that the line should follow the crest of the mountains in a direction parallel to the coast. but that, if the crest should be found anywhere to be more than 10 leagues from the sea, the boundary should there be a line parallel to t
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Embargo acts. (search)
at Britain, on condition of the recall of her Orders in Council. Not wishing to encounter a refusal, Pinckney sounded Canning, the secretary of foreign affairs, who gradually led the American Embargo minister into making a formal proposition. To this Canning made a reply (Sept. 28, 1808) in writing, unsurpassed in diplomatic cunning and partially concealed sarcasm. It also contained sound views on the whole subject of the orders and decrees. Canning insisted that, as France was the oriCanning insisted that, as France was the original aggressor, by the issuing of the Berlin decree, retaliation (the claimed cause of the embargo) ought, in the first instance, to have been directed against that power alone; and England could not consent to buy off a hostile procedure, of whichoin in that attempt; and the American embargo had, in fact, come in aid of Napoleon's continental system. This attempt, Canning said, was not likely to succeed, yet it was important to the reputation of Great Britain not to show the least sign of
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Erskine, David Montague, Baron, 1776- (search)
Erskine, David Montague, Baron, 1776- diplomatist; born in England in 1776; soon after 1806 was sent to the United States as British envoy. He was on duty in Washington at the time of Madison's accession to the Presidency. He found the new President so exceedingly anxious for peace and good feeling between the two countries that he had written to Canning, the British minister, such letters on the subject that he was instructed to propose to the Americans a reciprocal repeal of all the prohibitory laws upon certain conditions. Those conditions were so partial towards Great Britain, requiring the Americans to submit to the rule of 1756, that they were rejected. Very soon, however, arrangements were made by which, upon the Orders in Council being repealed, the President should issue a proclamation declaring a restoration of commercial intercourse with Great Britain, but leaving all restrictive laws as against France in full force. Mr. Erskine also offered reparation for the i
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jackson, Francis James (search)
finding he had nothing to offer, addressed Jackson in a letter in which a tone of discontent was conspicuous, declaring the surprise and regret of the President that he had no explanations to offer as to the non-ratification of the Erskine arrangement, or authority to substitute any new arrangement for it. The object of the letter, probably, was to draw out from Jackson an explicit admission, as a basis for an appeal to the nation, that he had no authority to treat except upon the ground of Canning's three conditions— namely, 1. The repealing as to Great Britain, but the keeping in force as to France, and all countries adopting her decrees, so long as these decrees were continued, all American non-importation and non-intercourse acts; 2. The renunciation by the United States, during the present war, of any pretensions to carry on any trade with the colonies of belligerents not allowed in time of peace; and 3. The allowing British ships-of-war to enforce, by capture, the American
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Slavery. (search)
o contracting powers, duly authorized to cruise on the coast of Africa, of America, and of the West Indies, for the suppression of the slave-traffic, were empowered, under certain restrictions, to detain, examine, capture, and deliver over for trial and adjudication by some competent tribunal, any ship or vessel concerned in the illicit traffic in slaves, and carrying the flag of either nation. This convention was signed by Richard Rush for the United States, and by W. Huskisson and Sir Stratford Canning for Great Britain. On March 6, 1857, Roger B. Taney, chief-justice of the United States, and a majority of his associates in the Supreme Court, uttered an extra-judicial opinion, that any person who had been a slave, or was a descendant of a slave, could not enjoy the rights of citizenship in the United States. Five years afterwards (1862) Secretary Seward issued a passport to a man who had been a slave to travel abroad as a citizen of the United States. Six years later still (Ju