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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, The American revolution. (search)
.} 1778. increasing intellectual vigor. It was distinguished in philosophy by Hume and Reid and Price and Adam Smith; in painting by Reynolds; in poetry and various learning by Gray and Goldsmith, Johnson and Cowper; in legislative eloquence by Chatham, Burke, and Fox; in history by Gibbon; in the useful arts by Brindley, Watt, and Arkwright. That the nation, in a state of high and advancing culture, should have been governed by a sordid ministry, so inferior to itself as that of Lord North, mentary usages and rights, had done its work and outlived its usefulness. In opposition to the continued rule of an aristocratic connection with the device of omnipotence over king and people, there rose up around the pure and venerable form of Chatham a new liberal party, willing to use the prerogative of the king to moderate the rule of the aristocracy in favor of the people. The new party aimed at a double modification of the unrestricted sovereignty of parliament. The elder Pitt ever i
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 11: (search)
use of commons and the nation to the support of the crown. Fifty thousand troops defended the coasts, and as many more of the militia were enrolled to repel invasion. The oscillation of the funds did not exceed one per cent. But opinion more and more condemned the war of England with her children, denied to parliament the right of taxing unrepresented colonies, and prepared to accept the necessity of recognising their independence. In the commons, Lord John Cavendish, true to the idea of Chatham, moved for orders to withdraw the British forces employed in America; to the lords, the Duke of Richmond proposed a total change of measures in America and Ireland; and both were supported by increasing numbers. The great landowners were grown sick of taxing America. Lord North was frequently dropping hints to the king, that Chap. XI.} 1779. the advantage to be gained by continuing the contest would never repay the expenses; and the king, though unrelenting in his purpose of reducing th
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 18: (search)
the interview. Clinton became only more interested in the project, for of a sudden he gained a great fellow-helper. At the breaking out of the war between France and England, Sir George Rodney, a British naval officer, chanced to be detained in Paris by debt. But the aged Marshal de Biron advanced him money to set himself free, and he hastened to England to ask employment of the king. He was not a member of parliament, and was devoted to no political party; he reverenced the memory of Chatham, and yet held the war against the United States to be just. A man of action, quick-sighted, great in power of execution, he was just the officer whom a wise government would employ, and whom by luck the British admiralty of that day, tired of the Keppels and the Palisers, the Chap. XVIII.} 1780. mutinous and the incompetent, put in command of the expedition that was to relieve Gibraltar and rule the seas of the West Indies. One of the king's younger sons served on board his fleet as mids
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 23: (search)
ked with slaughter and devastation, while it meditates destruction to the miserable people who are the devoted objects of the resentments which produced it. The British nation, in return for its vital resources in men and money, has received ineffective victories and severe defeats, which have filled the land with mourning for the loss of dear relations slain in the impious cause of enforcing unconditional submission, or narratives of the glorious exertions of men struggling under all difficulties in the holy cause of liberty. Where is the Englishman who can refrain from weeping, on whatever side victory may be declared? The voice was listened to as that of Chatham, again living in his son with all his virtues and all his talents. America is lost, irrecoverably lost, to this country, added Fox. We can lose nothing by a vote declaring America independent. On the division, an increased minority revealed the growing discontent of the house of commons at the continuance of the war.
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 26: (search)
l, and many of them were so; but they were more willing to act as the trustees of the people, than with the people and by the people. Like the great Roman lawyers, the best of them meant to be true to their clients, but never respected them as their equals. An enduring liberal government could at that time be established in England only by a junction of the party then represented by Shelburne and the liberal wing of the supporters of Rockingham. Chap. XXVI.} 1782. March 21. Such a union Chatham for twenty years had striven to bring about. The king kept his sorrows as well as he could pent up in his own breast, but his mind was truly torn to pieces by the inflexible resolve of the house of commons to stop the war in America. He blamed them for having lost the feelings of Englishmen. Moreover, he felt keenly the cruel usage of all the powers of Europe, of whom every one adhered to the principles of the armed neutrality, and every great one but Spain desired the perfect emancipa