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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
he earth is then carried into the sluice in which it is disintegrated and washed down with great rapidity, the gold catching, as has been observed, in the interstices between the blocks which form the floor of the sluice. See amalgamator. Gold-pen. A pen with a gold nib pointed with rhodium or iridium. In 1823, Hawkins and Mordan (English) made tortoise-shell and horn nibs with diamond and ruby points. These were followed by plates of gold attached to the tortoise-shell nibs. Doughty's pens were of gold with ruby points. Wollaston's pens were of two flat strips of gold tipped with rhodium. In 1851, the Birmingham Exhibition in London showed gold, palladium, and silver pens tipped with iridium and osmium. Gold pens are now usually tipped with iridium, making what are commonly known as dimond points. The iridium for this purpose is found in small grains in platinum, slightly alloyed with this latter metal. The gold for pens is alloyed with silver to about sixtee
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
mah patented quill-nibs; made by splitting quills and cutting the semicylinders into sections which were shaped into pens and adapted to be placed in a holder. These were, perhaps, the first nibs, the progenitors of a host of steel, gold, and other pens. See pen-maker. Hawkins and Mordan, in 1823, made nibs of horn and tortoiseshell, instead of quill. The tortoise-shell being softened, points of ruby and diamond were imbedded. Metallic points were also cemented to the shell nibs. Doughty, about 1825, made gold pens with ruby points. See gold pen. Gold pens with rhodium points were introduced soon afterward. Gillott devoted much pains to the improvement of the material and manufacture. One of his patents was in 1831. See steel pen. Perry exercised considerable ingenuity in the application of new forms and in developing the elasticity. His patents were in 1830 and 1832. Mordan's oblique pen, English patent, 1831, was designed to present the nibs in the right