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H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 12: army organization—Engineers.—Their history, duties, and organization,—with a brief discussion, showing their importance as a part of a modern army organization. (search)
ied the engineers. The subjects discussed in this chapter are also treated by most authors on Military Organization and Military History, and by the several writers on Military Engineering. Allent, Vauban, Cormontaigne, Rocquancourt, Pasley, Douglas, Jones, Belmas, Napier, Gay de Vernon, may be referred to with advantage. Pasley, Douglas, Joues, and Napier, speak in the strongest terms of the importance of engineer troops in the active operations of a war, and of the absolute necessity of Douglas, Joues, and Napier, speak in the strongest terms of the importance of engineer troops in the active operations of a war, and of the absolute necessity of organizing this force in time of peace. A list of books of reference on Military Engineering will be given at the close of the following chapters. While these pages are passing through the press, Congress has authorized the President to raise one company of engineer troops! This number is altogether too small to be of any use in time of war.
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 13: permanent fortifications.—Historical Notice of the progress of this Art.—Description of the several parts of a Fortress, and the various Methods of fortifying a position (search)
in 1810. He was evidently a man of genius, and during his career at the head of the War Department of France, numerous and very important improvements were made in the several branches of the military art, and especially in strategy. His work on fortification exhibits much originality and genius, but it is doubtful whether it has very much contributed to the improvement of this art. His ideas have been very severely, and rather unfairly criticized by the English, and particularly by Sir Howard Douglas. Chasseloup de Laubat early distinguished himself as an engineer of much capacity and talent. He followed Napoleon in nearly all his campaigns, and conducted many of his sieges. He remodelled the fortifications of Northern Italy and of the Lower Rhine. He published in 1811. The improvements which he introduced are numerous and valuable, and he probably contributed more to advance his art, and to restore the equilibrium between attack and defence, than any other engineer since Co
H. Wager Halleck , A. M. , Lieut. of Engineers, U. S. Army ., Elements of Military Art and Science; or, Course of Instruction in Strategy, Fortification, Tactis of Battles &c., Embracing the Duties of Staff, Infantry, Cavalry, Artillery and Engineers. Adapted to the Use of Volunteers and Militia., Chapter 14: field-engineering.—Field Fortifications.—Military Communications.—Military Bridges.—Sapping, Mining, and the attack and defence of a fortified place (search)
supports to these side ropes, in order thai they may sustain a part of the weight passing over the bridge. Constructions of this character are fully described in Douglas's Essay on Military Bridges. For example, see the passage of the Po, near Casal, in 1515, by the Swiss; the bridge thrown over the Clain by Admiral Coligni, at tthe several manuels used in the French service on sapping, mining, and pontoniering; Col. Pasley's experiments on the operations of a siege, sapping, mining, &c.; Douglas's work on military bridges; Macauley's work on field fortification; and Professor Mahan's Treatise on Field Fortification. This last is undoubtedly the very best e. Memoire sur la fortification permanent. Sea. Le siege de Constantine. Elemens de fortification. Trincano. Des places fortes. Valaze. Essay on military bridges. Douglas. A valuable work. Guide du pontonier. Drieu. Memoire sur la guerre souterraine. Coutele. Traite des mines. Etienne. Traite de l'art du mineur. Geuss. Traite de fo
ions in the new naval architecture. There is one induction at least which our yesterday's experience in Charleston harbor authorizes us to draw. It is that the true way to fight iron-clads is by obstructions rather than by artillery; or perhaps we should say by obstructions affording concentration, continuity, and terrific accuracy and effect to the force of artillery. And there is another truth which it teaches, and which cannot be better formulated than it is in a statement of Sir Howard Douglas--one of the last opinions put on record by that great naval authority: There is no telling what gun-powder can do. The rebel artillery practice certainly drew on its resources to an extent hitherto unparalleled in warfare. The presence in the fight of three distinct types of iron-clads, represented by the monitors, the Keokuk, and the Ironsides, affords an interesting means of comparing the relative merits of the different models. The test is, however, hardly a fair one, as some
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Navy of the United States (search)
l they arrive at the age of 21 years. Their pay at enlistment is $9 per month, which, with length of service, is increased to $21. Naval training system. The necessity for the establishment of a higher moral tone and greater professional efficiency among the seamen of the navy had been felt and expressed long before any steps were taken to produce the needed reform So, also, in England. Immediately after the close of the war between the United States and Great Britain (1812-15), Sir Howard Douglas, perceiving the necessity for educated seamen in the royal navy, called the attention of his government to the matter. Nothing was done, however, officially, until June, 1830, when an admiralty order directed that a gunnery-school should be formed in one of the British ships-of-war. It was done, and this was the initial step towards the present admirable training of boys for service in the British navy. Its great object has been to make the sailors expert seamen-gunners, as well as
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Nebraska, (search)
clergy of New England. Honorable Senators, so swift with criticism and sarcasm, might profit by their example. Perhaps the Senator from South Carolina (Mr. Butler), who is not insensible to scholarship, might learn from them something of its graces. Perhaps the Senator from Virginia (Mr. Mason), who finds no sanction under the Constitution for any remonstrance from clergymen, might learn from them something of the privileges of an American citizen. And perhaps the Senator from Illinois (Mr Douglas), who precipitated this odious measure upon the country, might learn from them something of political wisdom Sir, from the first settlement of these shores, from those early days of struggle and privation, through the trials of the Revolution, the clergy are associated not only with the piety and the learning, but with the liberties of the country. New England for a long time was governed by their prayers more than by any acts of the legislature; and at a later day their voices aided even
cannot be driven at the high speed which must hereafter give the superiority in naval warfare." It is urged, moreover, that war vessels of this description are as much exposed as any others to the effects of bombshells falling perpendicularly upon their decks; they are vulnerable through their port-holes; are liable to roll more than timber ships, from excessive top- weight; and the combination of speed with great weight of metal is a point particularly difficult of attainment. Sir Howard Douglas, high authority, gives his opinion that "there is little to dread from these unwieldy, flat-bottomed, top- weighted, heavily-rolling craft, in the open sea," and recommends that the public money should be employed in forging new engines and bolts of war, rather than in vain attempts to render ships proof against them. If the United States is "behind the age," in the extent of its naval force, it at least enjoys the advantages of not being compelled to undo, in any considerable measure
Official vote of Missouri. St. Louis, Dec. 5. --The official vote of Missouri has been announced. It stands as follows. For Douglas, 58,801; Rell, 58,372; Breckinridge, 31,317; Lincoln, 17,028.
ment or experiment. Our eminent contemporary, the Quarterly Review, has given a most positive opinion on the subject. According to him, the success of iron or iron-plated ships is so absolute and complete, that we have nothing to do but to build the British Navy de novo--to employ all our money and means on this new class of vessels, and to throw the whole work of naval construction into the private yards of our chief engineers, as has been done for the Warrior and the Black Prince. Sir Howard Douglas, on the contrary, in an answer to the Quarterly Review, stakes his reputation on the assertion that 'vessels formed wholly of iron are utterly unfit for all the purposes and contingencies of war,' and that no ship has yet been been produced capable of 'resisting the penetrations and impacts of heavy shot, fulfilling at the same time all the requirements which a sea-going vessel must possess. 'To which Sir Howard adds his conviction that La Gloire is a failure as a sea-going ship, and t