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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Democratic societies. (search)
Democratic societies. In imitation of the Jacobin clubs in Paris, members of The contrast. the Republican party, at about the time when Genet arrived from France, formed secret associations, which they called Democratic societies. Their ideas and feelings were almost wholly French, and a large proportion of their membership consisted of French people. They were disloyal to the government of the United States, and sought to control the politics of the Union. They seem to have been inspired with the fanaticism which at that time controlled France. They vigorously denounced and opposed Washington's proclamation of neutrality. The societies existed in various States, and first introduced the word Democrat into American politics. Many of the Republican party would not adopt the word, preferring the old name, until the combined opposition became known as the Democratic Republican party. The Democratic societies flourished for a while with great vigor. Their members were pled
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fouchet, Jean Antoine Joseph, Baron 1763- (search)
Fouchet, Jean Antoine Joseph, Baron 1763- Diplomatist; born in St. Quentin, France, in 1763; was a law student at Paris when the Revolution broke out, and published a pamphlet in defence of its principles. Soon afterwards he was appointed a member of the executive council of the revolutionary government, and was French ambassador to the United States in 1794-95. Here his behavior was less offensive than that of Citizen Genet, but it was not satisfactory, and he was succeeded by Adet, a more prudent man. After he left the United States, the French Directory appointed him a commissioner to Santo Domingo, which he declined. Under Bonaparte he was prefect of Var, and in 1805 he was the same of Ain. Afterwards he was created a baron and made commander of the Legion of Honor. He remained in Italy until the French evacuated it in 1814. On Napoleon's return from Elba Fouchet was made prefect of the Gironde. The date of his death is not known.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), French politics in America. (search)
793, a select party of 300 sat down to a feast in Faneuil Hall, over which Samuel Adams, then lieutenant-governor of Massachusetts, presided. Speeches, toasts, music—all were indicative of sympathy for the French cause. The children of the Boston schools were paraded in the streets, and to each one was given a cake imprinted with the words Liberty and equality. Similar celebrations were held in other places; and the public feeling in favor of the French was intensified by the arrival of M. Genet as representative of the French Republic. That was on April 9, 1793. He brought with him news of the declaration of war against England. It had reached New York five days before. More fiercely than ever the two parties were arrayed against each other; and now the Federalists were first called the British party, and the Republicans the French party. So long as the French Republic, so miscalled, lasted, the politics of France exerted marked influence in the United States. See Genet, Edm
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), French privateers. (search)
to decide upon the disposition of prizes brought into port by French cruisers. Genet had commissioned two, when the United States government interfered. He persist-George, Carmagnole, Roland, and Concord. L'Embuscade, the frigate that brought Genet to America, and the Genet, were both fitted out as privateers at Charleston. Tan fifty English vessels, quite a number of them within American waters. After Genet had been warned that the fitting-out of privateers in American ports was a violhould leave port, when Jefferson, tender towards the French minister, waited on Genet in person to persuade him not to send the vessel to sea. Genet stormed, and decGenet stormed, and declared his crew would resist. He finally promised that the vessel should only drop down the river a little way. That little way was far out of the reach of militia or other forces. Very soon afterwards, in violation of his solemn assurance, Genet ordered The Little Democrat to go to sea, and others followed. In the last year
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Louisiana, (search)
n ardent desire to re-establish the colonial empire of his country, and with that view he obtained from Spain (1800) the retrocession of Louisiana. Bonaparte had formed a plan for taking immediate possession of New Orleans by an armed expedition. Livingston, the American minister in France, advised his government of this expedition, and declared that it would not only oppress American commerce on the Mississippi, but that attempts would be made to seize Natchez and to carry out the plan of Genet and his successors in corrupting the Western people and dismembering the Union. Before the letter of Livingston had been received, the Spanish intendant at New Orleans, as if anticipating the wishes of Bonaparte, had issued a proclamation interdicting the privilege secured to the Americans by the treaty of 1795 of depositing merchandise at New Orleans. This interruption of their commerce on the great river produced a great commotion in the West. It was in this excited state of the public
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Morris, Gouverneur 1752- (search)
that framed the national Constitution, he put that instrument into the literary shape in which it was adopted. In 1791 he was sent to London as private agent of the United States, and from 1792 to 1794 was American minister to France. He had seen many of the phases of the French Revolution, and with a tantalizing coolness had pursued Washington's policy of neutrality towards France and England. This course offended the ardent French republicans, and when making out the letters recalling Genet, the committee of public safety, in which Robespierre and his associates were predominant, solicited the recall of Morris. For reasons of policy the President complied, Gouverneur Morris but accompanied the letter of recall with a private one, expressing his satisfaction with Morris's diplomatic conduct. This letter, sent by a British vessel, fell into the hands of the French government, and greatly increased the suspicion with which the American administration was regarded. To allay th
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pacificus and Helvidius. (search)
t the country, and the administration found determined opposition growing more and more powerful. The President received coarse abuse from the opposing politicians. Under these circumstances, Hamilton took the field in defence of the proclamation, in a series of articles over the signature of Pacificus. In these he maintained the President's right, by its issue, to decide upon the position in which the nation stood. He also defended the policy of the measure. To these articles a reply appeared, July 8, 1793, over the signature of Helvidius, which was written by Madison, at the special request of Jefferson. The latter, in a letter urging Madison to answer Hamilton, felt compelled to say that Genet (see Genest, Edmond Charles) was a hotheaded, passionate man, without judgment, and likely, by his indecency, to excite public indignation and give the Secretary of State great trouble. Indeed, Jefferson afterwards offered his resignation, but Washington persuaded him to withdraw it.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), United States of America. (search)
eston, S. C.; warmly received......April 9, 1793 Eli Whitney invents the cotton-gin; marked effect on slavery......1793 President issues his celebrated proclamation of neutrality (severely criticised by the opposition)......April 22, 1793 French government directs the seizure of vessels carrying supplies to an enemy's port......May 9, 1793 Great Britain orders her ships-of-war to stop all vessels laden with French supplies and turn them into British ports......June 8, 1793 Minister Genet's recall asked for by the government......August, 1793 Corner-stone of the United States Capitol laid by Washington......Sept. 18, 1793 Followers of Jefferson begin to assume the name of Republicans, in opposition to the Federalists, under leadership of Alexander Hamilton......1793 Third Congress, first session, opens at Philadelphia, Pa.......Dec. 2, 1793 Thomas Jefferson retires from State Department......December, 1793 An amendment (the eleventh) to the Constitution app
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Kansas, (search)
rt is selected as the capital......June 6, 1792 Gen. Anthony Wayne's call for volunteers from Kentucky being unsuccessful, Governor Shelby orders a draft......Sept. 28, 1793 Lexington Democratic Society resolves that the rights of the people of the United States on waters of Mississippi ought to be peremptorily demanded of Spain by the government of the United States ......October, 1793 Legislature meets for the first time at Frankfort......Nov. 1, 1793 Four Frenchmen sent by Minister Genet to Kentucky to instigate an expedition against the Spanish in Louisiana......Nov. 1, 1793 Citizens of Kentucky meet at Lexington and pass resolutions in reference to free navigation of the Mississippi......May 24, 1794 Thomas Powers sent by Carondelet, Spanish governor of Louisiana, to treat with the people of Kentucky for the navigation of the Mississippi......July, 1795 Daniel Boone moves to the west of the Mississippi River......1795 Lexington public library established
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Louisiana, (search)
urns to Philadelphia......September, 1787 Settlers from western North Carolina arrive, after failure to erect the State of Frankland......March, 1789 French refugees from Santo Domingo reach New Orleans, and a few of them open the first regular theatre in the city......1791 Don Francois Louis Hector, Baron de Carondelet, succeeds Miro as governor and intendant of Louisiana......January, 1792 Publication of the first newspaper in Louisiana, Le Moniteur de la Louisiane......1794 Genet, the French ambassador to the United States, plans an expedition against the Spanish dominions, and a society of French Jacobins in Philadelphia addresses an inflammatory circular to the French in Louisiana......1794 Canal Carondelet, from New Orleans to Lake Pontchartrain, projected, begun, and abandoned by Governor Perier in 1727; recommenced and completed......1795 Étienne de Bore succeeds in producing sugar from cane, beginning a new industry......1795 By treaty Spain grants the
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