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bring them nearer each other. I have specially to thank Lord Tenterden for having favored me with copies of papers which establish the correctness of my narrative where it had been unjustly called in question. My best thanks are also due to Mr. Alfred Kingston, of the Public Record Office, for the very obliging manner in which he gives effect to the permission granted me, and aids my researches. To Mr. Spofford, of Washington, I owe two volumes of the manuscript correspondence of General Greene. Mr. Seward, in the State Department, and his successor Mr. Fish, with equal friendliness furnished me with documents which I needed from our own records. The late Joseph H. Lewis intrusted to me the very voluminous professional and private correspondence of General Wayne. I was also aided materially by the late Governor Andrew and by Secretary Warner of Massachusetts, by the late Senator Mason of Virginia, by Mr. George S. Bryan, and by the never-failing friendship of Mr. Brantz Meyer
leaving Philadelphia, they would move to the south. But the attempt to mislead Washington was fruitless. In a council on the seventeenth, Lee advised that it would not be safe to attack the British, and carried with him all the officers except Greene, Lafayette, Wayne, and Cadwalader. Unmoved by the apathy of so many, Washington crossed the Delaware sixteen miles above Trenton, and de- Chap. IV.} 1778. June 24. taching Maxwell's brigade of nine hundred to assist a party of a thousand Jerse easily driven back, and showed themselves no more. The regiments of foot came up next; but they could not turn the left flank where Stirling commanded, without exposing their own right to the American artillery. The attack upon the right where Greene commanded was defeated by his battery; while others encountered the grenadiers and guards till they turned and fled. As they rallied and came back to the charge, Wayne with a body of infantry engaged them face to face till they were again repuls
de from Massachusetts and one from Rhode Island, of one thousand each, and they were followed by a further detachment. Directing Sullivan, who was placed over the district of Rhode Island, to throw the American troops into two divisions, he sent Greene to command the one, and Lafayette the other. Young Laurens served d'estaing as aid and interpreter. On the twenty-ninth of July, while Clinton was reporting to Germain that he would probably be under the necessity of evacuating New York and retresence of regular troops, superior Chap. V.} 1778. Aug. 29. in numbers. It began in the night of the twentyeighth. The next day the British attempted to get round the American right wing, and thus cut off every chance of escape. On that side Greene, almost within sight of his native town, held the command. Supported by young Laurens, he changed the defence into an attack, and drove the enemy in disorder back to their strong post on Quaker hill. In the engagement the British lost at least
ens, seventy of them were convicted of treason and rebellion against the state of South Carolina. Of these no more than five were executed: the rest were pardoned. On hearing that Lincoln from ill health had asked of congress leave to retire, Greene, who was impatient of his position as quartermaster-general, requested of the commander-in-chief the southern command. Washington answered that Greene would be his choice, but he was not consulted. The army of Lincoln, whose offer to retire wasGreene would be his choice, but he was not consulted. The army of Lincoln, whose offer to retire was not accepted, was greatly inferior to the British in number, and far more so in quality; yet he ventured to detach Ashe, with fifteen hundred of the North Carolina militia, on separate service. This inexperienced general crossed the Savannah at Augusta, which the British had abandoned, and descended the river with the view to confine the enemy within narrower limits. Following his orders, he encamped his party at Brier creek, on the Savannah, beyond supporting distance. The post seemed to hi
th of July to his wife, do not know what it is to contend against difficulties and vexations. My present condition Chap. XV.} 1780. June. makes me doubly anxious to return to you. Yet, under all privations, the officers and men of his command vied with each other in maintaining order and harmony. In his camp at Buffalo ford on Deep river, while he was still doubting how to direct his march, he received news of measures adopted by congress for the southern campaign. Washington wished Greene to succeed Lincoln; congress, not asking his advice and not ignorant of his opinion, on the thirteenth of June unanimously ap- 13. pointed Gates to the command of the southern army, and constituted him independent of the commanderin-chief. He received his orders from congress and was to make his reports directly to that body, which bestowed on him unusual powers and all its confidence. He might address himself directly to Virginia and the states beyond it for supplies; of himself alone ap
iding the post at Short Hills to two brigades under the command of Greene. Early on the twenty-third, the British Chap. XVIII.} 1780. June his regiment held the left column in check for about forty minutes. Greene prepared for action; but the British army, though it was drawn up an and without the examination of a witness, the board, on which sat Greene, second only to Washington in the service; St. Clair, afterwards priver for a conference. The civilians were not allowed to land; but Greene was deputed to meet the officer. Instead of presenting facts, Robertson, after compliments to the character of Greene, announced that he had come to treat with him. Greene answered: The case of an acknowledgeGreene answered: The case of an acknowledged spy admits no official discussion. Robertson then proposed to free Andre by an exchange. Greene answered: If Andre is set free, Arnold musGreene answered: If Andre is set free, Arnold must be given up; for the liberation of Andre could not be asked for except in exchange for one who was equally implicated in the complot. Rober
efficient government. While the powers of congress, wrote Greene, are so incompetent to the duty required of them, I have bched by the war; but it was in vain. The great man, wrote Greene secretly to the president of Pennsylvania, is confounded a not meet its ever-recurring wants. The congress, wrote Greene towards the end of have lost their influence. I have for ed the want of organized power. Even with the energy of Greene, there could be no efficient administration in the quarter accepting unusual emoluments, among reasons of no weight, Greene pleads that he was poor, with a family to provide for. It he country from that day to this has approved the reform. Greene, to whom his office had for more than a year become grievont of government. If France lends not a speedy aid, wrote Greene from the south to her minister in Philadelphia, I fear the country will be for ever lost; and Greene was not of a desponding spirit or idle temper. It was therefore resolved, for
s from Rochambeau and Lafayette to the ministry. His demand was for a loan of twenty-five million livres to be raised for the United States on the credit of the king of France, and in support of it he communicated to the French ministry his letter of advice from Washington. Franklin had lately written: If it is found unable to procure the aids that are wanted, the whole system of the new government in America may be shaken. The French minister at Philadelphia had reported these words from Greene: The states in the southern department may struggle a little while longer; but without more effectual support they must fall. Washington represented immediate and efficacious succor from abroad as indispensable to the safety of his country; but, combined with maritime superiority, and a decided effort of the allied arms on this continent, so he wrote, it would bring the contest to a glorious issue. Writings of Washington, ed. Sparks, VII. 368. In pressing the demands of congress, the you
to the advice of Washington, appointed Major-General Greene to the command of the southern departme independent. On confirming the nomination of Greene, congress assigned to him all the regular troontry, in all, three hundred and fifty men. For Greene he prepared a welcome at the south, writing topurposes of his command. As he moved south, Greene left Steuben in Virginia. At Charlotte, whereprinciples of humanity and the law of nations, Greene answered by sending him a list of about fifty wn will, and make visits to their homes. This Greene forbade as an act of desertion, and the first nd from this place on the same day he wrote to Greene his wish to avoid an action. But this, he addina, Morgan encamped his party for the night. Greene had left Morgan to his discretion, yet with wa just expired; and he recommended by letter to Greene that the militia under General Stevens, whose ory at the Cowpens spread in every direction. Greene announced in general orders the victory, and h[2 more...]
in Chap. XXIII.} 1781. Jan. 18. the breast of Greene, and he was loath it should stand alone. The should subside. Arriving in Morgan's camp, Greene agreed immediately with him that the plan of Coad to Salisbury. I waited that night, writes Greene, at the place appointed for the militia to colt. Meantime the larger part of the army under Greene, without tents, poorly clothed, and for the momis. Clinton and Cornwallis, 32. To compel Greene to accept battle, Cornwallis on the twenty-sevroops who would have stood their ground. Here Greene placed the two brigades of North Carolina miliCornwallis to Germain, sent by Virginia to General Greene whilst General Arnold was in the ChesapeaCarolinas. On the third day after the battle, Greene wrote to Washington: Virginia has given me eve267. In his report of the day of Guilford, Greene hardly did himself justice; public opinion tooof protection to the loyal. He was pursued by Greene, who was now eager for battle. On the morning[20 more...]
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