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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, Guy 1740-1788 (search)
Johnson, Guy 1740-1788 Military officer; born in Ireland in 1740; married a daughter of Sir William Johnson (q. v.), and in 1774 succeeded him as Indian agent. He served against the French from 1757 to 1760. At the outbreak of the Revolution he fled to Canada, and thence went with the British troops who took possession of New York City in September, 1776; he remained there some time, and became manager of a theatre. He joined Brant, and participated in some of the bloody outrages in the Mohawk Valley. In 1779 he fought with the Indians against Sullivan. He died in London, March 5, 1788.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, Sir John 1742- (search)
Johnson, Sir John 1742- Military officer; born in Mount Johnson, N. Y., Nov. 5, 1742; son of Sir William Johnson; was a stanch loyalist, and in 1776 the Whigs tried to get possession of his person. He fled to Canada with about 700 followers, where he was commissioned a colonel, and raised a corps chiefly among the loyalists of New York, known as the Royal Greens. He was among the most active and bitter foes of the patriots. While investing Fort Stanwix in 1777, he defeated General Herkimer at Oriskany, but was defeated himself by General Van Rensselaer in 1780. After the war Sir John went to England, but returned to Canada, where he resided as superintendent of Indian affairs until his death, in Montreal, Jan. 4, 1830. He married a daughter of John Watts, a New York loyalist.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, William 1771-1848 (search)
Johnson, William 1771-1848 Jurist; born in Charleston, S. C., Dec. 27, 1771; graduated at Princeton in 1790; admitted to the bar in 1793; elected to the State legislature in 1794; appointed an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court in 1804; served until his death, in Brooklyn, N. Y., Aug. 11, 1834. He is the author of the Life and correspondence of Maj.-Gen. Nathanael Greene. Lawyer; born in Middletown, Conn., about 1770; graduated at Yale College in 1788; reporter of the Supreme Court of New York in 1806-23, and of the New York Court of Chancery in 1814-23. He was the author of New York Supreme Court reports, 1799-1803; New York Chancery reports 1814-23; and Digest of cases in the Supreme Court of New York. He died in New York City in July, 1848.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Johnson, Sir William 1715-1774 (search)
born in Smithtown, County Meath, Ireland, in 1715; was educated for a merchant, but an unfortunate love affair changed the tenor of his life. He came to Sir William Johnson. America in 1738 to take charge of landed property of his uncle, Admiral Sir Peter Warren, in the region of the Mohawk Valley, and seated himself there, aboonformed to their manners, and, in time, took Mary, a sister of Brant, the famous Mohawk chief, to his home as his wife. When the French and Indian War broke out Johnson was made sole superintendent of Indian affairs, and his great influence kept the Six Nations steadily from any favoring of the French. He kept the frontier from grand councils of the Indians, and was adopted into the Mohawk tribe and made a sachem. At the council of governors, convened by Braddock at Alexandria in 1755, Johnson was appointed sole superintendent of the Six Nations, created a major-general, and afterwards led an expedition intended for the capture of Crown Point. The foll
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Land companies. (search)
Land companies. After the treaty at Fort Stanwix, the banks of the Kanawha, flowing north at the foot of the great Alleghany ridge into the Ohio, began to attract settlers, and application was soon made to the British government by a company, of which Dr. Franklin, Sir William Johnson, Walpole (a wealthy London banker), and others were members, for that part of the newly acquired territory north of the Kanawha, and thence to the upper Ohio. They offered to refund the whole amount (about $50,000) which the government had paid the Indians, and proposed the establishment of a new and separate colony there. This project was approved by Lord Hillsborough, secretary of state for the colonies, and the ministry finally agreed to it, but the troubles between the parent government and her children in America, then rapidly tending towards open war, prevented a completion of the scheme. Such was the origin of the Walpole, or Ohio Company, the Vandalia Company, and the Indiana Company, fo
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lee, Arthur 1740-1792 (search)
Lee, Arthur 1740-1792 Diplomatist; born in Stratford, Westmoreland co., Va., Dec. 20, 1740. Educated in Europe, and taking the degree of M. D. at Edinburgh in 1765, he began practice in Williamsburg, Va. He afterwards studied law in England, and wrote political essays that gained him the acquaintance of Dr. Johnson, Burke, and other eminent men. He was admitted to the bar in 1770, and appointed the alternative of Dr. Franklin as agent of the Massachusetts Assembly, in case of the disability or absence of the latter. For his services to that State he received 4,000 acres of land in 1784. In 1775 Dr. Lee was appointed London correspondent of Congress, and in 1776 he was one of the commissioners of Congress sent to France to negotiate for supplies and a treaty; but the ambition of Lee produced discord, and his misrepresentations caused one of the commissioners—Silas Deane (q. v.) —to be recalled. Lee was subsequently a member of Congress, of the Virginia Assembly, a commissioner
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mohawk Indians, (search)
northern New York in 1609. At Norman's Kill, below the site of Albany, the Dutch made a treaty with them in 1698, which was lasting; and the English, also, after the conquest of New Netherland, gained their friendship. The French Jesuits gained many converts among them, and three villages of Roman Catholics on the St. Lawrence were largely filled with the Mohawks. They served the English against the Canadians in the French and Indian War, and in the Revolutionary War, influenced by Sir William Johnson and his brother-in-law Brant, they made savage war on the patriots, causing the valleys in central New York to be called the Dark and bloody ground. After that struggle, the greater portion of them removed to Grand River, 50 or 60 miles west of the Niagara River, where they still are. Many of them are Christians. The Common Prayer-book has been translated into their language, one edition by Eleazar Williams (q. v.), the Lost Prince. Tradition says that at the formation of the conf
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Mohawk Valley, the (search)
the republic. Within it, according to Communion plate presented by Queen Anne. tradition, was formed the powerful Iroquois Confederacy (q. v.), the members of which have been called The Romans of the Western world. French missionaries spread through the valley a knowledge of the Christian religion, and 100 years before the Revolutionary War it was the scene of sharp conflicts between the natives and intruding Europeans. Within its borders, before that time, its chief inhabitant (William Johnson) received the honors of knighthood, and ruled not only over a vast private manorial domain, but also over Indian tribes of the confederacy, as their official superintendent. When the Revolution broke out his family were the leaders of the adherents to the crown in the northern regions of New York; and his son, Sir John, who inherited his title and his possessions, with a large number of Scotch retainers and other white people, organized a corps of loyalists called Johnson Greens, which
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Niagara, Fort (search)
garrison the forts, he marched the remainder back to Albany, where he arrived Oct. 24. In 1759, accompanied by Sir William Johnson as his second in command, Gen. John Prideaux collected his forces (chiefly provincial) at Oswego, for an attack onand immediately began a siege. On the 19th Prideaux was killed by the bursting of a cannon, and the command devolved on Johnson. The garrison, expecting reinforcements from the southern and western French forts, held out for three weeks, when the expected succor appeared (July 24）—1,200 French regulars and an equal number of Indians. Prepared for their reception, Johnson totally routed this relieving force. A large portion of them were made prisoners, and the next day (July 25) the fort an was thus effectually broken, and was never reunited. The encumbrance of prisoners and lack of transportation prevented Johnson from joining Amherst at Montreal, and, after garrisoning Fort Niagara, he returned home. During the Revolutionary War
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Parker, Foxhall Alexander 1821-1879 (search)
Parker, Foxhall Alexander 1821-1879 Naval officer; born in New York City, Aug. 5, 1821; graduated at the Naval Academy in 1843; served through the Civil War with distinction; was promoted commodore in 1872. His publications include Fleet tactics under steam; Squadron tactics under steam; The naval howitzer afloat; The naval howitzer ashore; The battle of Mobile Bay and the capture of forts Powell, Gaines, and Morgan, under the command of David G. Farragut and Gordon Granger, etc. He also contributed naval biographies to Johnson's universal Cyclopaedia. He died in Annapolis, Md. June 10, 1879.
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