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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
ave been numerous attempts to secure automatic and simultaneous action, throughout the cars of a train, by power derived from a single impulse or operation. Room cannot be spared for their systematic description, but the following patents may be consulted: — Bessemer (English）1841Hodge1860 Hancock (English）1841Dwelley1865 Nasmyth (English）1839Davidson1860 Petit1840Marsh1864 Birch1840Virdin1859 Carr (English）1841Wilcox1856 Walber1852De Bergues1868 Fuller1859Chatelier1868 Sickels1857Lee1868 Cuney1855Ambler1862 Goodale1865Branch1858 Peddle1867McCrone1865 Car-buf′fer. （Railway.) A fender between cars. In the English practice, the ends of the car-frames carry elastic cushions, or buffer-heads with springs. In our practice the spring is usually behind the drawbar. See buffer. Car-bump′er. An elastic arrangement to lessen the jerk incident to the contact of colliding cars as the rate of speed is slackened. See buffer. Car′bu-retor. An appa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
3J. D. BlakerAug. 10, 1869. 3. Swinging Laterally on Vertical Pin. 35,941J. LeeJuly 22, 1862. 43,259S. M. PerryJune 21, 1864. 3. Swinging Laterally on V 120,788W. S. SmootNov. 7, 1871. 122,465B. B. HotchkissJan. 2, 1872. 122,470James LeeJan. 2, 1872. 122,717A. T. FreemanJan. 16, 1872. 124,994Eli WhitneyMar. 26, 1870 112,565J. DuvalMar. 14, 1871. 114,540W. H. ElliotMay 9, 1871. 114,951James LeeMay 16, 1871. 115,541F. Von MartiniMay 30, 1871. 116,068James LeeJune 20, 18James LeeJune 20, 1871. 117,552J. MantonAug. 1, 1871. *119,115A. BurgessSept. 19, 1871. 119,218A. BurgessSept. 26, 1871. 120,576W. H. ElliotNov. 7, 1871. 120,800F. Von MartiniNov. 7, 1871. 121,499W. H. ElliotDec. 5, 1871. 122,772James LeeJan. 16, 1872. 123,159J. DuvalJan. 30, 1872. 125,127W. H. ElliotApr. 2, 1872. 127,737A. BurgessJune 11 22, 1865. 51,243W. TibbalsNov. 28, 1865. 51,258J. DavisNov. 28, 1865. 54,744J. LeeMay 15, 1866. 54,934J. V. McigsMay 22, 1866. 59,549J. N. AronsonNov. 13, 1866.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
oxygen of the air would suffuse the curtains of a room with moisture, and would render it necessary to wring out the curtains and other linen furniture of the apartments on the morning subsequent to the illumination by the burning of the coal smoke. — Monthly Magazine, London, June 1, 1805. In 1803 – 4, Winsor lighted the Lyceum Theater and took out a patent for lighting streets by gas. He established the first gas-company. In 1804 – 5, Murdoch lighted the cotton-factory of Philips and Lee, Manchester, the light being estimated as equal to 3,000 candles. This was the largest undertaking up to that date. In 1807, Winsor lighted one side of Pall Mall, London; the first street lighting. Westminster Bridge was lighted in 1813. Houses of Parliament, London, in the same year. Streets of London generally, 1815. Streets of Paris, the same year. James McMurtrie proposed to light streets of Philadelphia, 1815. Baltimore commenced the use of gas, 1816. Boston, 1822.<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
disks, revolved by planetary pinions, and acting as shears in connection with the edge of the ledger-blade. See Clothshearing machine. Ledg′ment. A string-course, or horizontal suite of moldings, such as the base-moldings of a building. Lee. （Nautical.) The side of a ship opposite to that from which the wind blows; the sheltered side. The lee-way of a vessel is the amount of its drifting to leeward. Lee-board. （Nautical.) A board lowered on the lee side of a flat-bottombunt and leech lines, the preventer leech-line. Leech-rope. （Nautical.) That part of a boltrope along the vertical edge of a sail. The leeches are hauled by leech-lines, which pass up through blocks on the yards, and brail up the sail. Lee′fange. （Nautical.) An iron across a deck or on the taffrail, for the sheet of a fore-and-aft sail to slip on in tacking. Leer. The annealing chamber or arch of a glass manufactory. Lier. It is sometimes a simple oven, or it may
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
States patents, Nos. 1,753 Reissued.41,81255,835 4,09343,01557,947 6,98043,07371,728 7,49745,791 Reissued.73,138 9,91045,845106,135 11,98747,539109,595 17,38150,266110,873 20,29451,430113,502 24,484 Reissued.51,571114,301 24,81952,543115,327 25,41852,544116,980 26,19952,694117,427 26,202 Reissued.54,308119,465 38,90154,510131,749 40,65955,418 The principal methods now in use in England of preparing paper pulp by chemical means are those of Sinclair, Houghton, Lee, Deininger, Ungerer, Thode, and Lahousse, and the special processes of Belgian and Alsatian manufacturers, such as Orioli, Jarosson, and Bushaert, Moerman, Laubuhr, Bastit, Rieder, and others. The general principle upon which all these chemical methods is based is the treatment of vegetable material containing the fibrous matter with alkaline lyes under high pressures of steam and corresponding temperatures for a greater or less time, in order to separate the fibrous matter from the gluten,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
to be warmed. By another method pipes from a steam-boiler were inclosed in other pipes, and the air heated during its passage between them. About this time steam was applied to heating hot-houses by being discharged directly into them, thus raising the temperature and affording a greatly increased supply of moisture, which was said to have the effect of causing the plants to vegetate luxuriantly and of destroying insects. In 1799, Boulton and Watt constructed a heating apparatus, in Lee's factory, Manchester, in which the steam was conducted through cast-iron pipes, which also served as supports to the floor. See also heating apparatus, pages 1088-1091. One of the first buildings heated by steam is said to have been a silk-mill at Waterford, in Hertfordshire. It was 106 × 33 feet. 4 stories high. A furnace was built on the outside, and from the boiler rose a stand-pipe which had branches suspended from the ceiling of each story. The lower story had a pipe 5 inches in
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
nd, by the rotation of the cutting-cylinder, are carried around the winding tapering passage c c until they are entirely reduced to fine cuttings. See pulp-grinder, Figs. 4015-4018. See also pulp-Di-Gester, pulp-dresser, etc, pages 1821-1825. Lee's wood-cutter (English) consists of a massive cast-iron disk, to which a knife is secured, which, revolving at a great speed (200 to 300 revolutions per minute), slices off sections, half an inch thick, from the ends of stout timber balks into an wood. The wood is then crushed, strained, and made into paper, which is rolled on mandrels and partially bleached by exposure to chlorine gas, or fully so by treatment with lime-water, carbonate of soda, and chloride of lime, successively. In Lee's process (English) the wooden chips are digested in a solution of caustic soda at 220° Fah. Koop's English patent, 1802, describes the use of straw, hay, thistles, hemp, and flax refuse, wood, and bark, for making printing and other paper.