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George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Preface. (search)
late Governor Andrew and by Secretary Warner of Massachusetts, by the late Senator Mason of Virginia, by Mr. George S. Bryan, and by the never-failing friendship of Mr. Brantz Meyer, Mr. J. Carson Brevoort, and Mr. George H. Moore. On the character of Alexander Hamilton, I sought and obtained instruction from the late President Nott, as well as from the late Mr. Church, who was Hamilton's secretary in his last period of military service. On two points I follow the verbal communications of Madison; and it was not without fruit that I once passed a day with John Adams. With regard to the peace between the United States and England, I think I might say that my materials in their completeness are unique. Of the letters of the American commissioners, nearly all are in print; yet I have been able to make gleanings from unpublished papers of them all, and have full reports of their conversations with the British representatives. On the French side, I have papers drawn up for the guida
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 17: (search)
ctions fastened 1778. the attention of reflecting observers. That this antagonism between the north and south went back to the old congress and showed itself in an ever re-appearing division of parties was told me nearly forty years ago by Mr. Madison. The ability to trace this antagonism in detail I owe very much to M. Guizot and M. Mignet. M. Guizot, when minister of foreign affairs in France, with that largeness of liberality which belonged to his own high position in the world of letteitizens of Virginia, declared the natural right of expatriation in opposition to the English assertion of perpetual allegiance, and favored naturalization; but it confined alike the right of expatriation and citizenship to white men. In 1780, Madison expressed the wish that black 1780. men might be set free and then made to serve in the army. And this was often done by individuals. Before the end of the same year, Virginia offered a bounty not of money and lands only, but of a negro to ea
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 19: (search)
of the army, and was using all his powers of persuasion to promote an efficient government; and her legislature selected Madison, a friend to union, as one of her representatives. On the other hand, as the chief claimant of western and northwesternrst degree of north latitude, provided Spain in return would guarantee the navigation of the river above that parallel. Madison, obeying the instruction, voted for the measure contrary to his private judgment. Massachusetts,Chap. XIX.} 1781. Feb.on in congress itself. The confederation was but a month and a half old, when a committee presented a report drafted by Madison, proposing by an amendment to the articles of confederation to give to the United States full authority to employ their as to cement and invigorate the federal union that it might be established on the most immutable basis. From that day Madison never ceased his efforts till a better system was established; but the most reflecting and far-seeing observers of the i
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 21: (search)
gallant defence against the many times superior force of the Spaniards, was surrendered under an honorable capitulation. The British troops, who were not to serve against Spain or her allies, were left free to be employed against the United States. Meantime Vergennes complained, through the French minister at Philadelphia, of John Adams as an embarrassing negotiator. At first a majority of congress was disposed to insist on Adams as their sole plenipotentiary for peace; Virginia, with Madison for one of her delegates, being unanimous in his favor. Secret Journals, II. 437. But, on reflection and through French influence, it was wisely decided to strengthen the hands of the New England man by joint commissioners selected from other sections of the country. With the aid of Sullivan of New Hampshire, who was in the pay of France, instructions such as Vergennes eight t have drafted were first agreed upon; then on the ballot the choice fell upon Jay, Franklin, Henry Laurens, and
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 25: (search)
restrained by absolute instructions with respect to boundaries, fisheries, the navigation of the Mississippi, or the country west of the Ohio; and they were charged to undertake nothing in their negotiations for peace or truce without the knowledge and concurrence of the ministers of the king of France, and ultimately to govern themselves by their advice and opinion. That New Hampshire abandoned the claim to the fisheries was due to Sullivan, who at the time was a pensioner of Luzerne. Madison still persevered in the effort to obtain power for congress to collect a revenue, and that body named a committee to examine into the changes which needed to be made in the articles of confederation. The difficulty of continuing the war under them, so Aug. 27. wrote Luzerne on the twenty-seventh of August, proves equally the necessity of reforming them, produced, as they were, at an epoch, when the mere name of authority inspired terror, and by men who thought to make themselves agreeable
George Bancroft, History of the United States from the Discovery of the American Continent, Vol. 10, Chapter 28: (search)
as carried by the votes of New Hampshire, New Jersey, Maryland, Virginia, with Madison dissenting, North and South Carolina, and Georgia, seven states: single delegato give to the incorporating ordinance its full operation. These requisitions Madison regarded as a tacit admission of the defect of power, an antidote against the orris prepared a vehement circular letter to the states; but, by the advice of Madison and others, it was withheld, and one congressional committee was sent to imporat I will not despair of. Hamilton of New York thus became the colleague of Madison of Virginia. The state papers which they two prepared were equal to the best in Europe of that time. Hamilton was excelled by Madison in wisdom, large, sound, roundabout sense and perception of what the country would grant; and in his turn sth the right to levy a duty of five per cent on imports. Congress, thus wrote Madison to sway the wavering legislature of Virginia, congress cannot abandon the plan