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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), America, discoverers of. (search)
vigator in the employ of the Dutch East India Company, entered the harbor of New York ( September, 1609) and asceniled the river that bears his name as far as Albany. The region of the Great Lakes and the upper valley of the Mississippi were discovered and explored by French traders and Jesuit missionaries in the seventeenth century. So early as 1640 the former penetrated the western wilds from Quebec. Father Allouez set up a cross and the arms of France westward of the lakes in 1665. Father Marquette, another Jesuit missionary, pushed farther in 1673, and discovered the upper waters of the Mississippi. Father Hennepin, who accompanied La Salle, explored the Mississippi in a canoe from the mouth of the Illinois River, northward, in 1680, and discovered and named the Falls of St. Anthony. A little later Robert Cavelier de la Salle, an enterprising young trader, penetrated to the Mississippi, and afterwards visited the coast of Texas from the sea and planted the germ of a colony in L
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Arkansas, (search)
Arkansas, One of the Southwestern States; discovered by De Soto in 1541, who crossed the Mississippi near the site of Helena. It was next visited by father Marquette (q. v.) in 1673. It was originally a part of Louisiana, purchased from the French in 1803, and so remained until 1812, when it formed a part of Missouri Territory. It was erected into a Territory in 1819, with its present name, and remained under a territorial government until 1836, when a convention at Little Rock, its present capital, formed a State constitution. Its first territorial legislature met at Arkansas Post in 1820. On June 15, 1836, Arkansas was admitted into the Union as a State. In 1861 the people of Arkansas were attached to the Union, but, unfortunately, the governor and most of the leading politicians of the State were disloyal, and no effort was spared by them to obtain the passage of an ordinance of secession. For this purpose a State convention of delegates assembled at the capital (Littl
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Baraga, Frederick, 1797-1868 (search)
Baraga, Frederick, 1797-1868 Clergyman; born in Carniola, Austria, June 29, 1797; in 1830 determined to devote his life to the conversion of Indians in the United States; settled among the Ottawas in Michigan. In 1856 he was appointed Bishop of Marquette. In addition to translating prayer-books, hymn-books, catechisms, etc., into the Indian language, he wrote in German the History, character, manners, and customs of the North American Indians. He died in Marquette, Mich., Jan. 19, 1868.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Chicago, (search)
399. In the calendar year 1900, the foreign trade of the city was: Imports, $15,272,178; exports, $8,843,603. The population in 1890 was 1,099,850; in 1900 it had reached 1,698,575. Early history.—The site of Chicago was a favorite rendezvous for several tribes of Indians in summer. Its name signifies, in the Pottawatomie tongue, wild onion, or a polecat, both of which abounded in that region. Of the skin of the polecat the Indians made tobacco-pouches. The spot was first visited by Marquette, a French Jesuit missionary, in 1673, who encamped there in the winter of 1674-75. The French built a fort there, which is marked on a map, in 1683, Fort Checagou. When Canada was ceded to Great Britain this fort was abandoned. The United States government built a fort there in 1804, and named it Dearborn, in honor of the Secretary of War. It was on the south side of the Chicago River, near its mouth. In the War of 1812-15. This fort was evacuated by its garrison in 1812, when th
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Custom-house, (search)
anapolis, Michigan City. Iowa—Burlington. Dubuque. Kentucky—Louisville, Paducah. Loulsiana—Brashear, New Orleans. Maine—Bangor, Bath, Belfast, Castine, Eastport, Ellsworth, Houlton, Kennebunk, Machias, Portland, Saco, Waldoborough, Wiscasset, York. Maryland—Annanolis, Baltimore. Crisfield. Massachusetts—Barnstable, Boston, Edgarton, Fall River, Gloucester, Marblehead, Nantucket, New Bedford, Newburyport, Plymouth. Salem. Michigan—Detroit, Grand Haven, Grand Rapids. Marquette, Port Huron. Minnesota—Duluth, St. Paul. Mississippi—Natchez, Shieldsborough, Vicksburg. Missouri—Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Louis. Montana—Fort Benton. Nebraska—Omaha. New Hampshire—Portsmouth. New Jersey—Bridgeton, Newark, Perth Amboy, Somers Point, Trenton, Tuckerton. New York—Albany, Buffalo, Cape Vincent, Dunkirk, New York, Ogdensburg, Oswego, Patchogue, Plattsburg, Port Jefferson, Rochester, Sag Harbor, Suspension Bridge. North Car
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Dablon, Claude, 1618-1697 (search)
Dablon, Claude, 1618-1697 Jesuit missionary; born in Dieppe, France, in 1618; began a mission to the Onondaga Indians in New York in 1655, and six years afterwards he accompanied Druillettes in an overland journey to the Hudson Bay region. In 1668 he went with Marquette to Lake Superior, and in 1670 was appointed superior of the missions of the Upper Lakes. He prepared the Relations concerning New France for 1671-72, and also a narrative of Marquette's journey, published in John Gilmary Shea's Discovery and exploration of the Mississippi Valley (1853). He died in Quebec, Canada, Sept. 20; 1697.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Garfield, James Abram 1831-1881 (search)
of Louisville. His companions refusing to go farther, he returned to Quebec, and prepared for still greater undertakings. In the mean time the Jesuit missionaries had been pushing their discoveries on the northern lake. In 1673 Joliet and Marquette started from Green Bay, dragging their canoes up the rapids of Fox River; crossed Lake Winnebago; found Indian guides to conduct them to the waters of the Wisconsin; descended that stream to the westward, and on the 16th of June reached the Mi of the Cross to the wild tribes along the shores. Returning from the Kaskaskias, and travelling thence to Lake Michigan, they reached Green Bay at the end of September, 1673, having on their journey paddled their canoes more than 2,500 miles. Marquette remained to establish missions; among the Indians, and to die, three years later, on the western shore of Lake Michigan, while Joliet returned to Quebec to report his discoveries. In the mean time Count Frontenac, a noble of France, had been
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hart, Albert Bushnell 1854- (search)
ch land, spread so freely that from end to end there is no serious obstacle to traffic; and the valley is the home of a vigorous and advancing civilization. Even in our day, when explorers disappear in African forests and years after emerge upon the other side of the continent, we may share the stimulus and the excitement of the first discoverers of the great river. De Soto found it in 1542, near half a league broad and 16 fathoms deep, and very furious, and ran with a great current. Marquette in 1673 rejoiced to behold the celebrated river, whose singularities, he says, I have attentively studied. La Salle in 1682 came to a reach where the water is brackish; after advancing on we discovered an open sea, so that on April 9, with all due solemnity, we performed the ceremony of planting the cross and raising the arms of France. La Salle did not think he was preparing an empire for his country's greatest rival, to be occupied by the children of the Englishman. Throughout colon
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Illinois. (search)
Illinois. The site of the present State was first explored by Marquette and Joliet, French missionaries from Canada, in 1763, who were followed by La Salle and Hennepin. Twenty years later mission stations were established at Kaskaskia, Cahokia, and Peoria; and early in the eighteenth century a French monastery was established at Kaskaskia. By the treaty of 1763, the Illinois country, as it was called, passed under the jurisdiction of the English. By the treaty of 1783 it was ceded to the United States, and it formed a part of the Northwest Territory. The country conquered by General Clarke, in 1778-79, the Virginia Assembly erected into a county, which they called Illinois. It embraced all State seal of Illinois. territory north of the Ohio claimed as within the limits of Virginia, and ordered 500 men to be raised for its defence. In 1809, when the present boundaries of Indiana were defined, Illinois included Wisconsin and a part of Minnesota, and in 1810 contained mo
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Illinois Indians, (search)
southern Mississippi. These were the Quapaws. In 1640 they almost exterminated the Winnebagoes; and soon afterwards they waged war with the Iroquois and Sioux. Their domain was between Lakes Michigan and Superior and the Mississippi River. Marquette found some of them (the Peorias and Moingwenas) near Des Moines, west of the Mississippi, in 1672; also the Peorias and Kaskaskias on the Illinois River. The Tamaroas and Cahokias were on the Mississippi. The Jesuits found the chief Illinois ey were badly defeated by the Iroquois, losing about 1,300, of whom 900 were prisoners: and they retaliated by assisting the French, under De la Barre and De Nonville, against the Five Nations. The Illinois were converted to Christianity by Father Marquette and other missionaries, and in 1700 Chicago, their great chief, visited France, where he was much caressed. His son, of the same name, maintained great influence in the tribe until his death, in 1754. When Detroit was besieged by the Foxes
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