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onies were proceeding with their system of resistance. If they do not repeal the Stamp Act, said Otis, who, nine months before had counselled submission, and who now shared and led the most excited o the instance of a committee of which Samuel Adams was the chief, had joined him with Gridley and Otis, to sustain their memorial to the Governor and Council for opening the courts; and he resolved t, therefore, it ought to be waived by the judges as against natural equity and the constitution. Otis reasoned with great learning and zeal on the duties and obligations of judges. Gridley dwelt on nts of law. On Saturday, the town voted the answer unsatisfactory. Ever fertile in resources, Otis instantly proposed to invite the governor to call a convention of the members of both houses of tischarged from our allegiance. The ligaments of government are dissolved, the throne abdicated. Otis, quoting Grotius and the English lawyers, of 1688, assured the public, that If a king lets the af
nty of Providence; and it was resolved to oppose the Stamp Act, even if it should tend to the destruction of the union of America with Great Britain. At Boston, Otis declared, that the original equality of the species was not a mere chimera. Otis in Boston Gazette. Joseph Warren, a young man whom nature had adorned with gracOtis in Boston Gazette. Joseph Warren, a young man whom nature had adorned with grace, and manly beauty, and a courage that would have been rash audacity had it not been tempered by self-control, saw clearly that the more equal division of property among the people, tended also to equalize and diffuse their influence and authority; and he uttered the new war-cry of the world—freedom AND chap. XXIV.} 1766. Mar. their opposition to any act of oppression. The consequences of enforcing the Stamp Act, he was convinced would have been more direful than usually apprehended. Otis, at a meeting at the Town Hall in Boston, to fix a time for the rejoicings, told the people that the distinction between inland taxes and port duties was without f
House in Massachusetts, many towns, stimulated by the rhapsodies of Otis, Advertisement by Otis, 14 April, 1766. put firm patriots in the Otis, 14 April, 1766. put firm patriots in the places of the doubtful and the timid. Plymouth sent James Warren, the brotherin-law of Otis; and Boston, at the suggestion of Samuel Adams, gOtis; and Boston, at the suggestion of Samuel Adams, gave one of its seats to John Hancock, a young merchant of large fortune and a generous nature. At their organization, on the last Wednesday in May, the Representatives elected James Otis their Speaker, and Samuel Adams their Clerk. Otis was still the most influential Member of the Otis was still the most influential Member of the House; had long been held in great esteem throughout the province; had been its Delegate to the New-York Congress; and had executed that truste to beat. You have heard of the communion of churches, he wrote to Otis; while I was thinking of this in my bed, the great use and importance only neans of perpetuating our liberties. Jonathan Mayhew to James Otis, Lord's Day Morning, 8 June, 1766. See Bradford's Life of Mayhew
celebrated the anniversary of the outbreak against the Stamp Act, care was taken to report, how healths had been drunk to Otis, the American Hampden, who first proposed the Congress; Tenth Toast at Liberty Tree, 14 Aug. 1766. to the Virginians, w were cited in reply. The Parliament of Great Britain, retorted Hawley, has no right to legislate for us. At these words Otis, rising in his place, bowed and thanked him, saying, He has gone further than I myself have as yet done in this House. osed a member, when the House would have readily assisted the Governor in executing the Laws of Trade. The times, replied Otis, are altered; we now know our rights. Bernard to Shelburne, 21 Dec. 1766. While the mercenary motives which prompteernard to J. Pownall, 16 Dec. 1766; same to Shelburne 6 and 24 Dec. 1766. who, in stress of weather, had put into Boston. Otis attributed the taxing of America by Parliament to Bernard's advice. I know, said he, the room, the time, and the company,
nd Letter from the House to Dennys De Berdt, 16 March, 1767 The Council, by a unanimous vote, denied his pretensions. The language of the Charter was too explicit to admit of a doubt; Opinion of the Attorney General in England, cited in a Minute relative to Massachusetts Bay, 1767. yet Bernard, as the accomplice of Hutchinson, urged the interposition of the central Government. Men feared more and more the system which Feb Paxton had gone to mature. With unshaken confidence in Hawley, Otis, and Samuel Adams, Freeborn American, in Boston Gazette, 9 March, 1767. they scanned with increasing jealousy every measure that Chap. Xxviii} 1767. Feb. could imply their consent to British taxation. They inquired if more troops were expected; and when the Governor professed, in pursuance of the late Act of Parliament, to have made provision at the Colony's expense for those which had recently touched at Boston Harbor, they did not cease their complaints, till they wrung from him the d
e free export of such of its products as Great Britain would not receive. The illicit trade was partly owing to useless laws, but more to the prevailing corruption among the servants of the crown. No practical question existed, except that which Otis had raised, on the legality of the Writs of Assistance first issued by Hutchinson; and while it was even suggested by one person at least to construe some reported declarations of Otis Lansdowne House Ms., indorsed, Remarks on the Present StateOtis Lansdowne House Ms., indorsed, Remarks on the Present State of America, April, 1767, from Mr. Morgan; Compare Bedford's Opinion, in Lyttelton to Temple, 25 Nov. 1767, in Phillimore's Life and Correspondence of Lyttelton, 743. as proofs of treason, and to bring him to trial in England on an impeachment by the House of Commons, the Attorney and Solicitor General of England, established his opinion that the Writs themselves, which had begun the controversy, were not warranted by law. The opinion of the Attorney and Solicitor General, I could not find in
XXX.} 1767. Oct. vince and also to the other Colonies. Hutchinson to [T. Pownall,] 10 Nov. 1767. Bernard to Shelburne, 30 Oct. 1767. It was observable that Otis, heretofore so fervid, on this occasion recommended caution, and warned against giving offence to Great Britain. Bernard to Shelburne, 30 Oct. 1767. Even the tw away in quiet. Nov. Images and placards were exhibited; but they were removed by the friends of the people. A Town Meeting was convened to discountenance riot. Otis, in a long speech, which was said to have been entirely on the side of Government, Bernard to Shelburne, 21 Nov. 1767. Compare also Boston Evening Post of 23 Nov. 1767, and a Card from Otis in Boston Gazette, 30 Nov. 1767. went so far as to assert the King's right to appoint officers of the customs in what manner and by what denominations he pleased; and he advised the Town to make no opposition to the new duties. But months elapsed before any ship arrived laden with goods that were du
ng, unfitted him to guide. The irritability of Otis had so increased, that he rather indulged himsee curious inquirer may find this paper in which Otis reconciled himself to the position adopted alikl had many advocates in England and in America, Otis among the number. that an American representatihere is also a report of a conversation between Otis and Samuel Adams, in which Otis, on the last daOtis, on the last day of June or early in July of this very year, blamed the latter for intending to print a public letter of Bernard to Hillsborough, 9 July, 1768. Otis was named first among the representatives of Boe, should have readily adopted the opinion that Otis was the author of this and other similar pieces papers of this session are not in the style of Otis, nor do they contain his opinions; but contain ability which finally mastered the intellect of Otis, began to be apparent before this time. He sti Papers, 137. Compare the contrary opinions of Otis, in Gordon's Hist. of the Amer. Rev. i. 228, [2 more...]
113-116. discovered that their leaving the Crown officers out of the Council had been misrepresented by Bernard to Shelburne; and in the most temperate language they wisely suggested the recall of the Governor, House of Representatives to Shelburne, 22 Feb. 1768. of whose accusatory letters they requested copies. Compare Bernard to Shelburne, 5 March, 1768. It is not in the power of these people to move my temper, wrote Bernard. Bernard to Shelburne, 22 Feb. 1768. The indignation of Otis rose almost to a frenzy; a paper in the Boston Gazette, bearing the marks of his excited mind, In the supplement to the Boston Gazette, No. 674, 2, 3, of Feb. 29, 1768. exposed the obstinate malice, diabolical thirst for mischief, effrontery, guileful treachery, and wickedness of Bernard. The Governor called on the House to order a prosecution of the printers. The March Liberty of the Press, they answered, House to Governor, 4 March, 1768. is the great bulwark of freedom. On occasio
Letter of Hutchinson, 21 July, 1768. the Legislature seemed willing to restore Hutchinson to the Council, and on the first ballot he had sixty-eight votes where he needed but seventy-one. Compare Bernard to Hillsborough, 30 May, 1768; Hutchinson to Nathaniel Rogers, 7 June, 1768. He himself was the cause of his defeat. As the Chap. Xxxiii} 1768. May. Convention were preparing to ballot a second time, Samuel Adams rose to ask whether the Lieutenant-Governor was a pensioner; on which Otis, the other chief head of the faction, stood up and declared that Hutchinson had received a warrant from the Lords of the Treasury for two hundred pounds a year out of the proceeds of the new duties; and distributing votes for Artemas Ward, he cried out: Pensioner or no pensioner; surely the House will not think a pensioner of the Crown a fit person to sit in Council. But for the warrant, confessed Hutchinson, I should have been elected. And that, added Bernard, would have put quite a new fa
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