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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Jackson, (search)
g an assault; but there was no occasion, for the garrison had evacuated the fort. They left behind them seventeen cannon, and tents enough to shelter a whole division. The commissary and quartermaster's stores were in flames. The city was taken possession of by the Nationals, and the stars and stripes were unfurled over the State House by the 59th Indiana Regiment. Entering Jackson that night, Grant learned that Johnston had arrived, taken charge of the department, and had ordered Gen. J. C. Pemberton to march immediately out of Vicksburg and attack the National rear. After the fall of Vicksburg, Johnston hovered menacingly in Grant's rear. Sherman had pushed out to press him back. Grant sent Sherman reinforcements, giving that leader an army 50,000 strong. With these he crossed the Big Black River, during a great drought. In dust and great heat the thirsty men and animals went on to Jackson, Johnston retiring before them and taking position behind his breastworks there. S
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Pemberton, John Clifford 1814-1881 (search)
Pemberton, John Clifford 1814-1881 Military officer; born in Philadelphia, Pa., Aug. 10, 1814; graduated at West Point in 1837; served in the Seminole War, and was aide-de-camp to General Worth in the war against Mexico. He entered the Confederate service in April, 1861, as colonel of cavalry and assistant adjutantgeneral to Gen. J. E. Johnston. He rose to lieutenant-general, and was the opponent of Grant in northern Mississippi in 1863, to whom he surrendered, with his army, at Vicksburg (q. v.). He died in Penllyn, Pa., July 13, 1881.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Port Hudson, capture of (search)
y in Louisiana, west of the river. A speedy reduction of the fort had become a necessity for Banks, and on June 11 another attempt was made, and failed. This was followed by an attempt to take the fort by storm on the 14th. At that time the Nationals lay mostly in two lines, forming a right angle, with a right and left but no centre. When a final disposition for assault was made, General Gardner was entreated to surrender and stop the effusion of blood, but he refused, hoping, as did Pemberton, at Vicksburg, that Johnston would come to his relief. The grand assault began at dawn (June 14) by Generals Grover, Weitzel, Auger, and Dwight. A desperate battle ensued, and the Nationals were repulsed at all points, losing about 700 men. Again the siege went on as usual. The fortitude of the half-starved garrison, daily enduring the affliction of missiles from the land and water, was wonderful. Gun after gun on the Confederate works was disabled, until only fifteen remained on the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Vicksburg, siege of (search)
ated his forces near the Tallahatchee River, in northern Mississippi, where Generals Hovey and Washburne had been operating with troops which they had led from Helena, Ark. Grant had gathered a large quantity of supplies at Holley Springs, which, through carelessness or treachery, had fallen (Dec. 20, 1862) into the hands of Gen. Earl Van Dorn, and he was compelled to fall back to Grand Junction to save his army. Taking advantage of this movement, a large Confederate force under Lieut.-Gen. J. C. Pemberton had been gathered at Vicksburg for the protection of that post. On the day when Grant's supplies were seized Gen. W. T. Sherman left Memphis with transports bearing guns to besiege Vicksburg. At Friar's Point they were joined by troops from Hatteras, and were met by Commodore Porter, whose fleet of gunboats was at the mouth of the Yazoo River, just above Vicksburg. The two commanders arranged a plan for attacking the city in the rear, and proceeded to attempt to execute it. T