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Arrangement of Forces at Mantinea
Machanidas had now acquired great confidence, and
Battle of Mantinea, B. C. 207.
looked upon the determination of the Achaeans
as eMantinea, B. C. 207.
looked upon the determination of the Achaeans
as extremely favourable to his plans. As soon
as he heard of their being in force at Mantinea,
he duly harangued his Lacedaemonians at Tegea, and the very
next morning atMantinea,
he duly harangued his Lacedaemonians at Tegea, and the very
next morning at daybreak advanced upon Mantinea. He led
the right wing of the phalanx himself; his mercenaries marched
in two parallel columns on each side of his front; and behind
Mantinea. He led
the right wing of the phalanx himself; his mercenaries marched
in two parallel columns on each side of his front; and behind
them were carts carrying quantities of field artillery and bolts for
the catapults. The road to Tegea. See Paus, 8, 10 sq. Meanwhile Philopoemen too had arranged his
army in three divisions, and was leading them out of Mantinea,
the Illyrians and the men with body armour by the gate leading to the temple of Poseidon, and with them runs towards the temple of Poseidon, right
through the middle of the plain of Mantinea, until it touches
the range of mountains that forms the boundary of the
territ
Battle of Mantinea
As soon as the enemy were well in sight, Philopoemen
went down the ranks of the phalanx, and addressed to them an
exhortation which, though short, clearly pointed out to them
the nature of the battle in which they were engaged. But
most of what he said was rendered inaudible by the answering
shouts of the troops. The affection and confidence of the
men rose to such a pitch of enthusiasm and zeal that they
seemed to be almost acting under a divine inspiration, as
they cried out to him to lead them on and fear nothing.
However he tried, when he could get the opportunity, to
make this much clear to them, that the battle on the one
side was to establish a shameful and ignominious servitude,
on the other to vindicate an ever-memorable and glorious
liberty.
Machanidas at first looked as though he meant to attack theThe attack of Machanidas.
enemy's right wing in column; but when he got
within moderate distance he deployed into line
by the right, and by this extension move
Machanidas Changes his Plan
Thus it came about that the mercenaries in the army
of Machanidas fought with such fury and violence, that even
the Illyrians and men with body armour, who formed the
reserve supporting the mercenaries of the Achaean army, were
unable to withstand their assault; but were all driven from
their position, and fled in confusion towards the city of
Mantinea, which was about seven stades distant.
And now there occurred an undoubted instance of what
some doubt, namely, that the issues in war are for the most part
decided by the skill or want of skill of the commanders. For
though perhaps it is a great thing to be able to follow up a
first success properly, it is a greater thing still that, when the
first step has proved a failure, a man should retain his presence
of mind, keep a good look-out for any error of judgment on
the part of the victors, and avail himself of their mistakes.
At any rate one often sees the side, which imagines itself to
have obtained a clea