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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) 2 0 Browse Search
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight) 2 0 Browse Search
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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Naval ships. (search)
e attack on Vera Cruz, in 1848, Farragut was present, and was greatly impressed, as with a novelty, by the effect of what he called the shell shot, a hybrid term which aptly expresses the transition state of men's minds at the time. The Crimean War followed, and in 1854 the wooden steamships-of-the-line of the allies, vessels identical in fighting characteristics with those of Trafalgar, attempted to silence masonry works at Sebastopol. Though the disaster was not so great, the lesson of Sinope was reaffirmed. Louis Napoleon, a thoughtful man though scarcely a man of action, had foreseen the difficulty, and had already directed the construction of five floating batteries which were to carry armor. Before the war ended these vessels attacked the forts at Kinburn, which they compelled to surrender, losing, themselves, no men except by shells that entered the gun ports. Their armor was not pierced. Horizontal shell fire had called for iron armor, and the two, as opposing factors
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
A round model of the world, representing the land and sea, and usually the political divisions. A terrestrial globe. A celestial globe was taken from Egypt to Greece, 368 B. C. A terrestrial globe is said to have been made in the time of Anaximander of Miletus, about 550 B. C. This is highly improbable. The determination of the latitude and longitude of places was of a later date, and is a necessary incident of a terrestrial globe. The celestial globe of Billarus was taken away from Sinope by Lucullus (Strabo). The same writer mentions the sphere of Crates; Cicero that of Archimedes. Perhaps this was a planetarium. The planisphere of Dendera in Egypt is a circular diagram of the zodiacal signs, and the most ancient and interesting of all representations of celestial scenery. Gerbert, who studied astronomy among the Saracens in Spain, and was afterwards Pope Sylvester II., A. D. 1000, used in his school at Rheims a terrestrial globe brought from Cordova. While Rome wa