Browsing named entities in Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing). You can also browse the collection for Austria (Austria) or search for Austria (Austria) in all documents.

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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Congress, Continental (search)
Philadelphia and reassembled at Baltimore, cast aside its hitherto temporizing policy. Up to this time the Congress had left on their journal the suggestion that a reunion with Great Britain might be the consequence of a delay in France to declare immediately and explicitly in their favor. Now they voted to assure foreign courts that the Congress and people of America are determined to maintain their independence at all events. It was resolved to offer treaties of commerce to Prussia, Austria, and Tuscany, and to ask for the intervention of those powers to prevent Russian or German troops from serving against the United States. They also drew up a sketch for an offensive alliance with France and Spain against Great Britain. These measures delighted the more radical members in Congress and, with the victory at Trenton which immediately followed, inspirited the people. The extent and intensity of the struggle of the Continental Congress during the fifteen years of its existen
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Consular service, the (search)
consular service has of late made noticeable strides in this country. People are beginning to realize that the present system of appointments and removals for political reasons is very prejudical to our commercial interests, especially when those of other countries are in the hands of consuls whose careful training and long experience give them every advantage over ours, and at a time when competition is so keen for trade in all parts of the world. In Great Britain, Germany, France, and Austria, in particular, systematic efforts have been in progress for several years for the making of competent consular and commercial agents. A feature of this movement is the establishment of commercial schools usually supported (1) by the national government, (2) by municipal authorities, and (3) by large commercial organizations, such as chambers of commerce and boards of trade. Graduates are given the preference of employment over other applicants by the firms represented in the commercial b
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cuba (search)
e evident that the difference existing between Spain and the United States would lead to war the ambassadors of Great Britain, France, Germany, Russia, Italy, and Austria-Hungary called upon President McKinley in a body on April 7, 1898, in the interest of peace. Sir Julian Pauncefote, the British ambassador, handed to the President the following joint note: The undersigned representatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia, duly authorized in that behalf, address, in the name of their respective governments, a pressing appeal to the feelings of humanity and moderation of the President and of the American people in the powers was: The government of the United States recognizes the good will which has prompted the friendly communication of the representatives of Germany, Austria-Hungary, France, Great Britain, Italy, and Russia, as set forth in the address of your excellencies, and shares the hope therein expressed that the outcome of the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Eagle, (search)
Eagle, The standard of the Persian and the Roman; also adopted by Charlemagne with a second head as the standard of the holy Roman empire of Germany. The eagle was the standard of France during the empire, as it is now of Austria, Russia, and Prussia. The great seal of the United States shows a shield of thirteen perpendicular red and white stripes upholding a blue field. This shield is borne on the breast of the American eagle, holding in his dexter talon an olive branch, and in his sinister talon a bundle of thirteen arrows, and in his beak a small scroll inscribed with the motto E Pluribus Unum.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Elizabeth, Queen of England (search)
ight of his wife, Mary Stuart, Elizabeth sent an army to Scotland which drove the French out of the kingdom. She supported the French Huguenots with money and troops in their struggle with the Roman Catholics in 1562. In 1563 the Parliament, in an address to the Queen, entreated her to choose a husband, so as to secure a Protestant succession to the crown. She returned an evasive answer. She gave encouragement to several suitors, after she rejected Philip, among them Archduke Charles of Austria, the Duke of Anjou, and Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. The latter remained her favorite until his death in 1588. During the greater part of Elizabeth's reign, Cecil, Lord Burleigh, was her prime minister. For more than twenty years from 1564 England was at peace with foreign nations, and enjoyed great prosperity. Because of the opposite interests in religion, and possibly because of matrimonial affairs, Elizabeth and Philip of Spain were mutually hostile, and in 1588 the latter sent
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Federal Union, the John Fiske (search)
ttle Dutch communities were prepared to lead the attack in the terrible battle for freedom with which the drama of modern history was ushered in. In the impregnable mountain fastnesses of upper Germany the Swiss cantons had bid defiance alike to Austrian tyrant and to Burgundian invader, and had preserved in its purest form the rustic democracy of their Aryan forefathers. By a curious coincidence, both these free peoples, in their efforts towards national unity, were led to frame federal unionsges in a common relationship to the Church, and in modern times in a common adherence to certain uncodified rules of international law, more or less imperfectly defined and enforced. Between England and Spain, for example, or between France and Austria, there has never been such utter political severance as existed normally between Greece and Persia, or Rome and Carthage. But this community of political inheritance in Europe, it is needless to say, falls very far short of the degree of commun
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fine Arts, the. (search)
Philadelphia Academy of Fine Arts, with George Clymer as president. Their first exhibition was held in 1806, when more than fifty casts of antique statues in the Louvre were displayed, and two paintings by Benjamin West. By purchases and gifts the collection of the academy was unsurpassed in this country in 1845, when the building and most of its contents were destroyed by fire. The as- Rifles used by the principal nations. WeightCalibre nation.GunNo. of Rounds. PoundsOunceInch. AustriaMannlicher9140.3155 BelgiumMauser890.3015 ChinaLee900.4335 DennmarkKrag-Jorgensen980.3155 EnglandLee-Metford940.3038 FranceLebel940.3158 GermanyMannlicher900.3155 ItalyParravicino-Carcano860.2565 JapanMurata900.3158 PortugalKropatschek1040.3158 RussiaMouzin8130.305 SpainMauser8130.2765 Sweden and NorwayKrag-Jorgensen980 305 SwitzerlandSchmidt980.29612 TurkeyMauser890.3015 United States armyKrag-Jorgensen980.305 United States navyLee——0.2365 sociation now has a superb building
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Freemasonry, (search)
f the order and on Aug. 4, 1753, was made a master mason. The first masonic hall in the United States was built in Philadelphia in 1754. The returns of the grand lodges of the United States and British America for 1899-1900 were as follows: Whole number of members, 857,577; raised, 46,175; admissions and restorations, 21,325; withdrawals, 16,603; expulsions and suspensions. 597; suspensions for non-payment of dues, 16,844; deaths, 13,507. Gain in membership over preceding year, 21,028. These grand lodges are in full affiiation with the English grand lodge, of which the Duke of Connaught is the grand master, and the grand lodges of Ireland, Scotland, Cuba, Peru, South Australia, New South Wales, Victoria, and Mexico, and also with the masons of Germany and Austria. They are not in affiliation and do not correspond with the masons under the jurisdiction of the grand orient of France; they, however, affiliate with and recognize masons under the jurisdictions of the supreme council.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Garibaldi, Giuseppe 1807-1882 (search)
. After this cause became hopeless, in 1850, he came to the United States, where he became a naturalized citizen, and where for about three years he followed the occupation of a soap-boiler on Staten Island. In 1854 he returned to Italy, and purchased the northern part of Caprera, where he remained until 1859, when he organized and commanded an independent corps, known as the Hunters Giuseppe Garibaldi. of the Alps, in the Sardinian service during the war of Sardinia and France against Austria. Secretly abetted by Sardinia, after peace was made, he organized an expedition against the Two Sicilies, having as his object the union of Italy. In May, 1860, he descended upon Sicily with 1,000 volunteers, and when he had made himself dictator he crossed to the mainland and expelled Francis II. from Naples and entered the capital, Sept. 7, 1860. Upon the union of the Two Sicilies with Sardinia, and the proclamation of Victor Emmanuel as King of Italy, March 17, 1860, he retired to Ca
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Grant, Frederick Dent 1850- (search)
accompanied General Sherman on his European trip in 1872; was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of General Sheridan with the rank of lieutenant-colonel in 1873; took Frederick Dent Grant. part in the campaign on the frontier against the Indians; accompanied his father on his trip around the world; and resigned his commission in the army in 1881. In 1887 he was defeated as Republican candidate for secretary of state of New York, and in 1889 President Harrison appointed him minister to Austria-Hungary, where he remained till 1893. He was a police commissioner in New York City through the administration of Mayor Strong. In 1898, on the call for volunteers for the war with Spain, Colonel Grant offered his services to the President, and went to the front as colonel of the 14th New York regiment. On May 27 he was appointed a brigadier-general of volunteers; served in the Porto Rico campaign; and after the war was appointed commander of the military district of San Juan. While hol
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