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Cleinias of Tarentum, who
was a member of the orderThe Pythagoreans. of
which we have spoken, learning that Prorus of Cyrene
had lost his fortune because of a political upheaval and was completely impoverished, went over
from Italy to Cyrene with sufficient funds and restored to Prorus his fortune, although he had
never seen the man before and knew no more of him than that he was a Pythagorean. Of many others also it is recorded that they have done something of this
kind. And it was not only in the giving away of money that they showed themselves so devoted to
their friends, but they also shared each other's dangers on occasions of greatest peril.
So, for example, while Dionysius was tyrantThe Elder, in Syracuse, 405-367 B.C. and
a certain Phintias, a Pythagorean, who had formed
a plot against the tyrant, was about to suffer the penalty for it, he asked Dionysius for time
in which to make such disposition as he wished of his priv
When Zeno the philosopherZeno of Elea
(Velia in Italy) in the middle of the 5th century B.C.; see the following paragraph.
was suffering the agonies of the torture because of the conspiracy he had entered into against
the tyrant Nearchus and was being asked by Nearchus who his fellow conspirators were, he
replied, "Would that I were as much the master of my body as I am of my tongue!"Const. Exc. 4, pp. 296-297.
When Zeno's native city was being ground down by the tyranny of Nearchus,
Zeno formed a conspiracy against the tyrant. But he was found out, and when he was asked by
Nearchus, while suffering the agonies of the torture, who his fellow conspirators were, he
replied, "Would that I were as much the master of my body as I am of my tongue!" And when the tyrant made the torture more and more severe, Zeno still
withstood it for a while; and then, being eager to be rid at last of the agony and at the same
time to be revenged upon Near
[And last of all, many generations
later, the people of the Siceli crossed over in a body from Italy into Sicily and made their home in
the land which had been abandoned by the Sicani. And since the Siceli steadily grew more
avaricious and kept ravaging the land which bordered on theirs, frequent wars arose between
them and the Sicani, until at last they struck covenants and set up boundaries of their
territory, upon which they had agreed. With regard to these matters we shall give a detailed
account in connection with the appropriate period of time.]Diod.
5.6.3-4.
474
B.C.When Acestorides
was archon in Athens, in Rome Caeso Fabius and
Titus Verginius succeeded to the consulship. And in this year Hieron, the king of the
Syracusans, when ambassadors came to him from Cumae
in Italy and asked his aid in the war which the
Tyrrhenians, who were at that time masters of the sea, were waging against them, he dispatched
to their aid a considerable number of triremes. And after the
commanders of this fleet had put in at Cumae,
joining with the men of that region they fought a naval battle with the Tyrrhenians, and
destroying many of their ships and conquering them in a great sea-fight, they humbled the
Tyrrhenians and delivered the Cumaeans from their fears, after which they sailed back to
Syracuse.
473
B.C.When Menon was
archon in Athens, the Romans chose as consuls
Lucius Aemilius Mamercus and Gaius Cornelius Lentulus, and in Italy a war broke out between the Tarantini and the Iapygians. For these peoples, disputing with each other over some land on their
borders, had been engaging for some years in skirmishings and in raiding each other's
territory, and since the difference between them kept constantly increasing and frequently
resulted in deaths, they finally went headlong into out-and-out contention. Now the Iapygians not only made ready the army of their own men but they
also joined with them an auxiliary force of their neighbours, collecting in this way a total
body of more than twenty thousand soldiers; and the Tarantini, on learning of the great size of
the army gathered against them, both mustered the soldiers of their state and added to them
many more of the Rhegians, who were their allies. A fierce
battle took pl