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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Algonquian, or Algonkian, Indians, (search)
the southern extremity of Green Bay. The Menomonees are among the few Indian tribes who occupy the same domain as when they were discovered by Europeans in 1699. That domain is upon the shores of Green Bay, and there the tribe remains. The Miamis and Piankeshaws inhabited that portion of Ohio lying between the Miami or Maumee, on Lake Erie, and the watershed between the Wabash and Kaskia rivers. The English and the Five Nations called them the Twightwees. The Kickapoos were on the Wisconsin River when discovered by the French. The Illinois formed a numerous tribe, 12,000 strong, when discovered by the French. They were seated on the Illinois River, and composed a confederation of five families — namely, Kaskaskias, Cahokias, Tamaronas, Michigamies, and Peorias. The Shawnees occupied a vast region west of the Alleghany Mountains, and their great council-house was in the basin of the Cumberland River. The Powhatans constituted a confederacy of more than twenty tribes, includin
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Black Hawk (search)
ted States troops on board the steamboat Warrior, which had been sent up the river. After the fight the Warrior returned to Prairie du Chien. The contest was renewed the next morning between Black Hawk and troops led by General Atkinson, when the Indians were defeated and dispersed, with a considerable loss in killed and wounded. and thirty-six of their women and children made prisoners. There were eight of the troops killed and seventy-seven wounded. Black Hawk was pursued over the Wisconsin River, and at a strong position the fugitive chief made a stand with about 300 men. After a severe battle for three hours he fled, and barely escaped, with the loss of 150 of his bravest warriors and his second in command. The chief himself was finally captured by a party of friendly Winnebagoes and given up to General Steele at Prairie du Chien. Treaties were then made with the hostile tribes by which the United States acquired valuable lands on favorable terms. Black Hawk, his two sons
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Fox Indians, (search)
Fox Indians, A tribe of Algonquian Indians first found by the whites in Wisconsin. They were driven south of the Wisconsin River by the Ojibwas and the French, and there incorporated with the Sac Indians. In 1900 there were 521 Sac and Fox of Mississippi at the Fox agency in Oklahoma; 77 Sac and Fox of Missouri at the Pottawatomie agency in Kansas, and 388 of the Sac and Fox of Mississippi at the Sac and Fox agency in Iowa.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Hennepin, Louis 1640- (search)
pi, but never went above the Falls of St. Anthony, where he carved the arms of France on the forest trees. In July (1680) Hennepin and his companions were rescued from the Sioux by Graysolon du Luht (Duluth), and they were taken down to the Wisconsin River and made their way to Lake Michigan, and so on to Quebec. From the latter place Hennepin embarked for France, and there, in 1683, he published a full account of his explorations, which contains many exaggerations. Yet it is a work of much rica, which contained his former work, with a description of a voyage down the Mississippi, largely copied from the narrative of Leclerc. This fraud was exposed by Dr. Sparks. Hennepin never went down the Mississippi below the mouth of the Wisconsin River, yet, in that work, he claimed to be the first who descended the great river to its mouth. He lost the favor of Louis XIV., and when he endeavored to return to Canada the King ordered his arrest on his arrival there. The time of his death
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Kickapoos, (search)
Kickapoos, An Algonquian tribe found by the French missionaries, towards the close of the seventeenth century, on the Wisconsin River. They were great rovers; were closely allied to the Miamis; and in 1712 joined the Foxes in an attack upon Detroit, and in wars long afterwards. They were reduced in 1747 to about eighty warriors, and when the English conquered Canada in 1763 there were about 100 Kickapoos on the Wabash. They joined Pontiac in his conspiracy, but soon made peace; and in 1779 they joined George Rogers Clarke in his expedition against the British in the Northwest. Showing hostility to the Americans, their settlement on the Wabash was desolated in 1791; but they were not absolutely subdued until the treaty at Greenville in 1795, after Wayne's decisive victory, when they ceded a part of their land for a small annuity. In the early part of the nineteenth century the Kickapoos made other cessions of territory; and in 1811 they joined Tecumseh and fought the Americ
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Marquette, Jacques 1637- (search)
Sioux, and he returned with the Hurons to Mackinaw, near the strait that connects Lakes Michigan and Huron, where he built a chapel and established the mission of St. Ignatius. Hearing of the Mississippi River, he resolved to find it, and in 1669 he prepared for the exploration of that stream, when he received orders to join Joliet in a thorough exploration of the whole course of the great river. That explorer and five others left Mackinaw in two canoes in May, 1673, and, reaching the Wisconsin River by way of Green Bay, Fox River, and a portage, floated down that stream to the Mississippi, where they arrived June 17. Near the mouth of the Ohio River savages told them it was not more than ten days journey to the sea. Voyaging down the great river until they were satisfied, when at the mouth of the Arkansas River, that the Mississippi emptied into the Gulf of Mexico, and not into the Atlantic or Pacific Ocean, they concluded to return, to avoid captivity among the Spaniards farther
undary the Mississippi River, which separates it from Iowa and Missouri; Wisconsin bounds it on the north, Lake Michigan touching the northeastern corner; Indiana on the east, and Kentucky on the south. It is limited in lat. by 36° 59′ to 42° 30′ N., and in long. by 87° 35′ to 91° 40′ W. Area, 56,650 square miles, in 102 counties. Population, 1890, 3,826,351; 1900, 4,821,550. Capital, Springfield. Louis Joliet and Jacques Marquette descend the Mississippi River from the mouth of the Wisconsin to the Arkansas. Returning, they ascend the Illinois, making their way to Lake Michigan via the Desplaines and Chicago rivers......1673 Marquette, purposing to establish a mission among the Illinois Indians, makes a portage from the Chicago to the Desplaines, descends the Illinois River nearly to Utica, where he meets a large concourse of chiefs and warriors......April 8, 1675 Father Claude Allouez, successor to Marquette, who died May 18, 1675, enters the Chicago River on his
ted on the east by the Mississippi River from Wisconsin and Illinois. Minnesota bounds it on the north, South Dakota and Nebraska on the west —the Missouri River forming the boundary-line of the latter State—and Missouri on the south. It is limited in lat. by 40° 36′ to 43° 30′ N., and in long. by 89° 5′ to 96° 31′ W. Area, 56,025 square miles in ninety-nine counties. Population, 1890, 1,911,896; 1900, 2,231,853. Capital, Des Moines. Father Marquette and Louis Joliet descend the Wisconsin River, reaching its mouth June 17, 1673; 100 miles below, on the western shore of the Mississippi, they discover an Indian trail, which they follow to an Indian village, where Marquette publishes to them the one true God ......June, 1673 Father Louis Hennepin, M. Dugay, and six other Frenchmen ascend the Mississippi from the mouth of the Illinois to the falls of St. Anthony, leaving Fort Crevecoeur, Ill......Feb. 28, 1680 Wife of Peosta, a Fox warrior, discovers lead in Iowa,
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Minnesota, (search)
es 9 miles square on both sides of the river......Sept. 23, 1805 Rev. Samuel Peters alleges, in a petition to Congress, that he has purchased from the Carver American heirs their right to the grant made in 1767......1806 Minnesota east of the Mississippi included in Illinois Territory......1809 Part of Minnesota east of the Mississippi becomes a part of Michigan Territory......1819 Barracks erected at Mendota and occupied by a garrison which came from Green Bay, Wis., by the Wisconsin River......1819 Corner-stone of Fort Snelling laid; first called Fort St. Anthony......Sept. 20, 1820 Three Mackinaw boats laden with seed wheat, oats, and pease, leave Prairie du Chien, April 15, 1820, for the Scotch settlement at Pembina, where the crops were destroyed by grasshoppers the previous year. Proceeding entirely by water, except a portage from Big Stone Lake to Lake Traverse, 1 1/2 miles, they arrive at Pembina......June 3, 1820 Governor Cass, of Michigan, with an exp
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Wisconsin, (search)
iet from Michilimackinac enter Green Bay and pass Fox River portage to the Wisconsin River, June 10, and down the Wisconsin, discovering the Mississippi......June 17nepin, with Duluth, journeys from Lake St. Francis to Green Bay by way of the Wisconsin and Fox rivers......1680 Pierre le Seuer reaches the Mississippi River viaant of the West, winters near Trempeleau, which he reaches via the Fox and Wisconsin rivers from Green Bay......1685 Father St. Cosme visits site of Milwaukee on h Francis Renault engages in mining on the Mississippi above the mouth of the Wisconsin......1719 De Lignery makes a treaty with the Sacs, Foxes, and Winnebagoes,athan Carver, exploring the northwest, by way of Green Bay and the Fox and Wisconsin rivers, reaches Prairie du Chien......Oct. 15, 1766 John Long, an English trad..Aug. 11, 1827 Fort Winnebago built at the portage between the Fox and Wisconsin rivers......1828 Battle of Wisconsin Heights; Black Hawk attacked by Illinois