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eriority in their several arts implies the possession of genius, and genius can be bestowed by the Almighty alone. Still cultivation of the particular talent each possesses improves the natural powers, and such cultivation is experience by another name. The first attempts of all great poets are comparatively feeble. The progress even of Shakespeare, in his art, can be easily detected. No man who had never heard of him, could expect Macbeth and Lear from the author of the two gentlemen of Verona. Who could guess, from reading the "Hours of Idleness," that the author would ever write "Childe Harold?"--The first attempts of Raphael are said to have been very crude performances, and Michael Angelo's memory would not have survived his own times, had he done nothing more than us attempted for the Medici, when his genius was first discovered. We hold that experience is everything to a general; but we hold; likewise, that the experience which a youth obtains at a military school is n
ged in the siege of Manitus, which was held by 15,000 men. He had but 30,000, all told, to maintain the siege, and drive off the forces that might attempt to relieve it. He placed a certain number of men around the city to keep up the siege. He distributed the others at convenient points, so that they could keep the enemy in check long enough for him to reinforce them. He placed one body behind the Adige at Segnano, where the strait road crossed to Manitus. He placed another higher up, at Verona, where he had his headquarters. A third was stationed still higher up on the same river, at Rivoli, where the mountain comes sheer down upon the stream, and the lake on the other side washes its foot. He stationed a fourth at Brescia, at the point of the lake, where the road branching out from the Rivoli road comes around the water. As soon as the enemy approached any of these outposts be was apprised of it, and having first discovered which was the real point of attack and which the fals
l force, it could not be turned in that direction. Marshes impassable for troops with munitions of war extended from the Gulf of Venice within a very few mile-of Verona, where were Napoleon's headquarters and the greater part of his troops. Above the Adige flows through tremendous mountains, and these extend to within a few miles of Verona, coming down to the very river, along which and on both sides run two narrow, difficult mountain roads, which it was easy to guard. On the other side of the river — that is, on the same side with Verona — was the Venetian territory. Napoleon had, therefore, only a very short space of the river — not more than a dozenVerona — was the Venetian territory. Napoleon had, therefore, only a very short space of the river — not more than a dozen miles — to guard. On his left he was protected by the mountains, and on his right by the marshes. It was difficult, therefore, to turn his position, yet it was turned by a portion of the Austrian army under Warmer in August, who came around Lake Guards, while Warmer in person crossed it lower down with the bulk of his army
o revolting were its features to people of every class, that it was repealed almost by acclamation. "Never abandoned it until she had resumed a specie currency." This is not true. When the maximum was repealed there was not a silver or gold coin in circulation in all France. In 1796, two years after, Bonaparte made his first Italian campaign, in the course of which he levied enormous contributions upon the King of Sardinia, the Dukes of Modena, Parma, and Tuscany, the cities of Milan, Verona, and Leghorn, the republics of Genoa and Venice, the Pope, and the King of Naples. These he sent in specie to Paris, after paying his troops, and with this money the Directory, having repudiated the assignats, commenced paying specie in 1797. She did not abandon it, it seems, "until she had composed her intestine feuds and brought all Europe to her feet." False again. She abandoned it in 1794. The war of La Vendee, the grand intestine feud of the time, was not pacified until two year
ugh ineffectually — opposed the execution of Marshal Ney that it was proposed to strike his name from the list of Russian generals. After the peace he accompanied the Emperor to Russia, and was promoted to the rank of general-in-chief — a rank next to that of marshal, which no one can hold who has not gained a battle. He successively received the grand cross of St. Anna, St. Waldimir and St. Alexander; assisted the Emperor at the Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1818, and at the Congress of Verona, in 1828; was made president of a committee for organizing the military academy; and was afterwards charged with preparing plans for fortifying and defending the frontiers of the empire. On the accession of Nicholas to the throne, he was appointed aide-de-camp general, and charged with directing the military education of the Imperial heir. General Jomini's first published work is his "Treatise on Grand Military Operations, " which appeared in 1804, and is considered the most import
eatly enlarging the privileges of the people.--The Holy Alliance held a congress at Gayback in 1827, in which they resolved that they had a right to interfere in the domestic concerns of other nations, and so to reform them, when they offered a bad example to their neighbors, as to suppress the example in question. The bad example was free government; and by reforming, they meant the entire suppression of freedom and the institution or restoration of despotism. At another congress, held at Verona in 1822, they resolved to apply this principle to Spain and to reform her back into the arms of Ferdinand. England dissented from this proposition; France, Austria, Russia and Prussia voting in favor of it. To France was entrusted the delicate mission; and Louis XVIII. sent his nephew, the Duke of Angouleme, the next spring, at the head of 100,000 men, to accomplish the object. It was accomplished with little difficulty; and Ferdinand had no sooner been restored than he appealed to the Al
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