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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
therefrom and liberating carbonic acid gas. The effervescing drinks, such as ginger-beer, are also dependent for their ebullition upon the fermentation of the ingredients and the development of the same gas. Carbonic acid, in moderate quantities, has a very salutary effect upon the stomach, while it is so fatal when breathed into the lungs. As the after damp or choke damp of the miner, it has often killed those who survived the explosion of the carbureted hydrogen. At the Black Hole, near Calcutta, it killed one hundred and twenty-four persons who were confined in a room eighteen feet square by order of Dowlah, Viceroy of Bengal, June 20, 1756. As a gaseous result of the combustion of carbon, — as of charcoal, for instance, — it has destroyed the lives of many who have gone to sleep in ill-ventilated rooms. Machines are made on a large scale for charging soda-fountains. Cameron's aerator has a gas-generator a made of cast-iron, lined with sheet-lead to prevent the action of th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
n England, but no conductor has been contrived to be carried on the person, though it has been often suggested. The risk is so small, numerically considered, that it is not probable any great proportion of the inhabitants of any country will make special provision for avoiding the danger. Professor Arago classed several well-known sites according to the frequency of their storms, from the best information he could obtain. His list begins as follows: — Days of Thunder per Year. 1. Calcutta averages60 2. Patna (India) supposed to average53 3. Rio Janeiro averages50.6 4. Maryland (U. S.) supposed to average41 5. Martinique averages39 6. Abyssinia supposed to average38 7. Guadaloupe averages37 8. Viviers (France) averages24.7 9. Quebec averages23.3 10. Buenos Ayres averages22.5 11. Denainvilliers (France) averages20.6 The lowest average he gives is that of Cairo in Egypt, three days of thunder per annum. That of Paris and most of the European cities is about
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
the machine keeps the tell-tale hand moving at a rate which credits the driver with eight kilometers (about five miles) an hour, or two francs, according to the Parisian tariff. Table of Lengths of Foreign Road Measures. Place.Measure.U. S. Yards. ArabiaMile2,146 AustriaMeile (post)8,297 BadenStuden4,860 BelgiumKilometre1,093.63 BelgiumMeile2,132 BengalCoss2,000 BirmahDain4,277 BohemiaLeague (16 to 1°）7,587 BrazilLeague (18 to 1°）6,750 BremenMeile6,865 BrunswickMeile11,816 CalcuttaCoss2,160 CeylonMile1,760 ChinaLi608.5 DenmarkMul8,288 DresdenPost-meile7,432 EgyptFeddan1.47 EnglandMile1,760 FlandersMijle1,093.63 FlorenceMiglio1,809 France 1, 60931 miles = 1 kilometre. Kilometre1,093.6 GenoaMile (post)8,527 GermanyMile (15 to 1°）8,101 GreeceStadium1,083.33 GuineaJacktan4 HamburgMeile8,238 HanoverMeile8,114 HungaryMeile9,139 IndiaWarsa24.89 ItalyMile2,025 JapanInk2.038 LeghornMiglio1,809 LeipsieMeile (post)7,432 LithuaniaMeile9,781 MaltaCanna
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
the water, and they are then separated and dried in the sun. This paper is so delicate as to bear writing on one side only. When it is desired to write on two sides a couple of sheets are pasted together back to back. The Chinese paper of bamboo fiber is likewise very ancient, and is made by pulping and gathering the pulp in films. The Chinese rice-paper, so called, is prepared from the inner portion of the stems of a hardy leguminous plant that grows plentifully about the lakes near Calcutta and also in the island of Formosa, whence the Chinese import it in large quantities. The stems of the plant being cut into the proper lengths for the sheets, the pith is cut spirally into a thin slice, then flattened, pressed, and dried. It thus resembles very closely the papyrus in the mode of manufacture. It is said that in Japan, previous to the year A. D. 280, silken stuff, with a facing of linen, was used for writing upon. Subsequently paper was imported from the Corea, and about
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
shore of Black Sea）59.44 Bakou (S of Caspian)13.38 Ekatherinburg, Ural Mts.14.76 Barnaoul, Siberia11.80 Pekin, China26.93 Canton, China69.30 Singapore, Malacca97 Sierra Leone, Africa86.2 Uttray Mullay, India267.2 Madras, India44.6 Calcutta, India76.4 Cherrapoonjee, India592 Khasia, India610 Raised up-on′. （Shipbuilding.) Having the upper works hightened; the opposite of razeed. Rais′er. （Carpentry.) The front of a step. The elevation of a step. A riser. The flat re thus connected. With the death of Aurungzebe these improvements ceased, and the works commenced to decay. At a comparatively late date the work of improvement of the Indian roads has been pursued with vigor. The Grand Trunk Road connects Calcutta with Peshawur on the borders of Affghanistan. The military roads of Peru were built, one on the plateau, the other on the shore. The former, for nearly 2,000 miles, crossed sierras, gorges, and rivers, by tunnels, bridges, and ferries. T
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
is tent. Saladin says, I cannot do that, but he takes a down pillow from the sofa, and, drawing his keen blade across it, it falls in two pieces. Richard says: This is the black art; it is magic; it is the Devil; you cannot cut that which has no resistance. And Saladin, to show him that such is not the case, takes from his shoulders a scarf which is so light that it almost floats in the air, and, tossing it up, severs it before it can descend. George Thompson states that he saw a man in Calcutta throw a handful of floss silk into the air, and a Hindoo sever it into pieces with his saber. Europe wondered much at the gorgeous profusion of the Orient, and even the brand Excalibur must have been of Eastern make, — My brand Excalibur Which was my pride For all the haft twinkled with diamond sparks, Myriads of topaz-light, and jacinth-work Of subtlest jewelry. No wonder Sir Bedivere coveted the sword of this old British chief and hid it in the many-knotted water-flags, as
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
ails are very varied in different establishments, and for different kinds of cable. In 1839, Dr. O'Shaughnessy constructed a telegraph-line 21 miles long near Calcutta, embracing 7,000 feet of submerged wire; this was covered with cotton thread saturated with pitch and tar. Professor Morse is said to have laid a wire betweenat the rate of about 5 miles in 34 minutes; in the Seine it does not exceed 3 feet; in the Thames it only exists in a rudimentary state; whilst in the Hoogly, at Calcutta, it rises about 5 feet, and is transmitted at the rate of about 17 1/2 miles per hour; and in the Menga the rise is said to be 12 feet. The tide-wheel at Eastbruary, and the capsule is hacked by a serrated tool in February and March. The opium is rolled into balls, wrapped in poppypetals, packed in chests, carried to Calcutta, and exported to poison the Chinese — and others. It has been known to the Chinese only about two centuries, even as a medical prescription. To-bac′co-book