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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
phical miles, £ 15,000 if to forty miles, £ 20,000 if to thirty miles, to be determined by a voyage from England to some port in America. John Harrison, born in 1693 at Faulby, near Pontefract, in England, undertook the task, and succeeded after repeated attempts, covering the period 1728 – 1761. His first timepiece was made in 1735; the second in 1739; the third in 1749; the fourth in 1755, the year of the great earthquake at Lisbon. In 1758 his instrument was sent in a king's ship to Jamaica, which it reached 5″ slow. On the return to Portsmouth, after a five months absence, it was 1′ 5″ wrong, showing an error of eighteen miles and within the limits of the act. He received the reward of forty years diligence in instalments. He died in 1776. Chronometer. Arnold made many improvements, and received government rewards amounting to £ 3,000. Mr. Denison states that Earnshaw brought the chronometer to its present perfection. The principles of the compensation balan
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), H. (search)
ault, but without reference to the variation which might be occasioned by time in the susceptibility of the hygrometic substances employed. Pictet, however, found that the hair of a Guanche mummy from Teneriffe, which might be a thousand years old, employed in a Saussure's hygrometer, still posseessed a satisfactory degree of sensibility. The admiral [Columbus], says Fernando Colon, ascribed the many refreshing falls of rain which cooled the air whilst he was sailing along the coast of Jamaica, to the extent and density of the forests which clothe the mountains. He takes this opportunity of remarking, in his ship's journal, that formerly there was much rain in Madeira, the Canaries, and the Azores; but since the trees which shaded the ground have been cut down, rain has become much more rare. This warning has remained almost unheeded for more than three centuries and a half. Hy′gro-met′ric Bal′ance. An instrument for indicating the relative density of the air, and consequ<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
Iron lighthouse Bermuda. The first screw-pile lighthouse actually erected prior to February, 1841, was at Port Fleetwood, near Lancaster, England. The screws which entered the bed of the river supported piles having screws at their upper ends, to which the timber columns supporting the frame of the superstructure were secured. These were united together by diagonal braces extending from the foot of one to the top of another. The first cast-iron lighthouse was put up at Point Morant, Jamaica, in 1842. The tower is formed of 9 tiers of plates, 10 feet high and 3/4 inch thick, united to each other by bolts and flanges on the inside. The plates of each tier have a common radius. It was filled in with masonry and concrete to the hight of 27 feet, and rested on a granite foundation. Its total hight was 96 feet, the upper and lower diameters being respectively 18 feet 6 inches and 11 feet. Fig. 2950 is a cast-iron lighthouse on a plan similar to the foregoing, subsequently e
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
oss. Used for stuffing cushions, etc. HempCannabis sativaCool climates and IndiaIn Europe used for cordage, coarse cloth, etc. In India grown for its intoxicating qualities. Ita-palmMauritia flexuosaBritish GuianaAffords thread from leaves; of which baskets, fans, mats, etc., are made. IvyHedera helixTemperate climes.Coarse. Rope, etc. JuteCorchorus capsularisIndiaIn India for gunny-bags, In England used as an addition or substitute for hemp, flax, and silk. Lace barkLagetta linteariaJamaicaA bark resembling fine lace; made into collars, sleeves, purses, etc. Lime bastTilia europaeaEuropeAffords the material of Russia matting, etc. Common Name.Botanical Name of the Genus and Species of the Plant by which the Fiber is produced.Native Place, or where chiefly grown.Qualities, Uses, etc. MallowMalva (numerous)GenerallyThe tribe comprises cotton, etc., and numerous other fiber-giving species. Manila-hempMusa textilisPhilippine Islands.Various textile fabrics. Maroot-fiberSa
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), U. (search)
zable sugar are increased, a smaller proportion of grape-sugar or molasses being obtained. A part of the atmospheric pressure being removed also enables the juice or sirup to be boiled at a lower temperature. The vacuum-pan was long used in the sugar-refineries of England and the United States before it was introduced into the sugar-houses of the plantations. It is now generally known in Cuba, Brazil, and Louisiana, where the business is conducted extensively and methodically. The old Jamaica train of open kettles, however, holds its own where the means of the proprietor or the extent of the plantation forbid the outlay for the vacuum-train. For plantation use, several vacuums are used in combination, as is more particularly described under sugar-machinery, it being the practice to boil the juice to a given gravity after the first defecation and filtering, and after a second treatment in defecators and filters to boil it down to the point of granulation. The usual form of th
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), W. (search)
aBrazilDyeing, violin-bows, turning. BuckeyeAesculus glabraTennessee and northwardSoft, spongy, white. Splints for baskets, bowls. Bullet-treeAchras sideroxylonJamaicaHard, durable. Best timber-tree of Jamaica. Buttonwood(See Sycamore） CalamanderDiospyros quaesitaCeylonVery hard; beautifully marked. Furniture. Camphor-woodWJamaica. Buttonwood(See Sycamore） CalamanderDiospyros quaesitaCeylonVery hard; beautifully marked. Furniture. Camphor-woodWarm climatesSoft. Cabinet-work and turning. Cam-woodAfricaDyeing and turning. Canary-woodBrazilCabinet-work, marquetry, turning. Cangica-woodBrazilCabinet-work, turning. CatalpaCatalpa bignonoidesEastern U. S.White, lasting. Posts. CedarCedrela australisNew S. WalesSoft. Furniture and small cabinet-work. Cedar (bastard)Libngine frames, tree-nails, etc. LocustRobinia pseudacaciaEast of Miss. RiverTough and durable. Posts, tree-nails, turnery, hubs. LogwoodHacmatoxylon campechianumJamaica, HondurasDyeing. MahoganySuretema mahagoniCentral America, CubaHard. Furniture, cabinet-work, turnery, etc. Mahogany (mountain)Cereocarpus ledifoliusRocky Moun