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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), America, discoverers of. (search)
ded on the North American continent about the year 1170. There is no evidence that the Northmen saw more than the coasts of Labrador and New England--possibly Newfoundland; and the landing-place of Madoc is wholly conjectural. On Oct. 11, 1492, Christopher Columbus discovered one of the Bahama Islands, east of Florida. but not rred from the Polar Sea by pack-ice, sailed southward, discovered Labrador, and possibly went along the coast as far as the Carolinas. He discovered and named Newfoundland. and found the treasures of codfishes in the waters near it. On Aug. 1 the same summer Columbus discovered the continent of South America, near the mouth of thuel of Portugal sent Gaspard Cortereal, a skilful navigator, with two caravels on a voyage of discovery towards the same region. He saw Labrador, and possibly Newfoundland. and went up the coast almost to Hudson Bay: and it is believed that he discovered the Gulf of St. Lawrence. In 1504 Columbus, in a fourth voyage to America.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Amidas, Philip, 1550-1618 (search)
he former was afterwards created Lord of Roanoke, and was the first and last American peer of England created. The glowing accounts given by Amidas and Barlow of the country they had discovered captivated the Queen, and she named the region, as some say. in allusion to her unmarried state, Virginia; others say it was in allusion to the virgin country. Amidas was in the maritime service of England long afterwards; and a few years after his voyage to Virginia he commanded an expedition to Newfoundland. He died in England in 1618. First voyage to Roanoke. The following is the narrative of the first voyage to Roanoke by Amidas (or Amadas) and Barlow, written by the latter: The 27 day of Aprill, in the yeere of our redemption, 1584, we departed the West of England, with two barkes well furnished with men and victuals, having received our last and perfect directions by your letters, confirming the former instructions, and commandments delivered by your selfe at our leaving the
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Atlantic Telegraph. (search)
applied to for aid in completing a land line of telegraph on the Morse plan, then in the course of construction across Newfoundland--about 400 miles. The question occurred to him, Why not carry the line across the ocean? and with his usual pluck andat the house of Mr. Field, on Gramercy Park, New York, and signed an agreement for an association called The New York, Newfoundland. and London Telegraph Company. They obtained from the legislature of Newfoundland a charter guaranteeing an exclusivNewfoundland a charter guaranteeing an exclusive right, for fifty years, to establish a telegraph from the American continent to that island. and thence to Europe. These gentlemen were Peter Cooper, Moses Taylor, Marshall O. Roberts. Chandler White, and Cyrus W. Field. Twenty-five years afterwportions of the cable. met in mid-ocean. July 28, 1858. The portions were spliced. and they sailed for Ireland and Newfoundland respectively. and succeeded in laying a continuous line across the Atlantic. It was 1,950 miles in length, and trave
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Baltimore, Lords. (search)
office, but King James retained him in the privy council; and a few days before that monarch's death he was created Baron of Baltimore in the Irish peerage. Calvert had already entered upon a colonizing scheme. In 1620 he purchased a part of Newfoundland, and was invested with the privileges and honors of a count-palatine. He called his new domain Avalon, and, after spending about $100,000 in building warehouses there, and a mansion for himself, he went thither in 1627. He returned to Englantaking with him his wife and unmarried children. The following winter was a severe one, and he began to contemplate a desertion of the domain on account of the rigorous climate. He sent his children home. In the autumn he actually abandoned Newfoundland, and with his wife and retainers sailed to Virginia, where, because he refused to take the oath of allegiance, he was ordered away by Governor Harvey. His wife and retainers remained there during the winter. Going from there in the spring, i
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Bermudas, first English in the. (search)
Bermudas, first English in the. Henry May, an English mariner, returning from a voyage to the West Indies in a French ship, was wrecked (Dec. 17, 1593) on one of the islands. He and his companions in distress remained there five months, when they rigged a small vessel of 18 tons from the material of the ship, put in thirteen live turtles for provisions, sailed to Newfoundland, and thence returned to England. These islands were named in honor of Juan Bermudez, a Spaniard, who was wrecked there in 1522. May was the first Englishman who set foot upon them. See Somers's Islands.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Boston, (search)
eputation. He was furnished with ten men-of-war, a galiot, and two frigates; and was instructed to first secure the possessions in the extreme east, then to join 1,500 men to be furnished by Count Frontenac, and proceed with his fleet to Boston Harbor. After capturing Boston and ravaging New England, he was to proceed to New York, reduce the city, and thence send back the troops to Canada by land, that they might ravage the New York colony. Nesmond started so late that he did not reach Newfoundland until July 24, when a council of war decided not to proceed to Boston. All New England was alarmed, and preparations were made on the seaboard to defend the country. the Peace of Ryswick was proclaimed at Boston Dec. 10, and the English colonies had repose from war for a while. Nearly a tenth part of Boston was consumed by fire on March 20, 1760, in about four hours. It began, by accident, at Cornhill. There were consumed 174 dwelling-houses, 175 warehouses and other buildings, wi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cables, Ocean (search)
xbury, Mass. The fourth Atlantic telegraph cable was laid from Valentia, Ireland, to Heart's Content, Trinity Bay, Newfoundland, in the summer of 1873, and a few months later the Brazilian telegraph cable was laid from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, to a bay on the coast of Portugal. In 1874 the Direct United States Cable Company was formed and laid a line from Ballenskilligs Bay, Ireland, to Rye, N. H., via Nova Scotia. The same year a sixth line across the Atlantic was laid from Ireland to Newfoundland. Another French line was laid from Brest to St. Pierre, an island in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, in 1880. The companies owning all these lines having formed a combination and pooled their receipts, to keep up rates on the transmission of messages, a competing company was formed by James Gordon Bennett and John W. Mackay. This laid in 1884-85 two lines from Ireland to Nova Scotia, having also a connecting line from Ireland to France. In 1900 plans were perfected for a Pacific cable, to e
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cabot 1476-1557 (search)
uncertain; probably Labrador and Prince Edward Island were reached. A common account is that he was stopped by the icepack in Davis Strait. Then he sailed southwest, and discovered the shores of Labrador, or, possibly, the northern shore of Newfoundland. Turning northward, he traversed the coast of the continent almost to lat. 60°, when the ice again barred his way. Then he sailed southward, and discovered a large island, which he called New Found Land (Newfoundland), and perceived the immeNewfoundland), and perceived the immense number of codfish in the waters surrounding it. Leaving that island, he coasted as far as the shores of Maine, and, some writers think, as far south as the Carolinas. On his return Cabot revealed the secret of the codfish at New Found Land, and within five or six years thereafter fishermen from England, Brittany, and Normandy were gathering treasures there. As Cabot did not bring back gold from America, King Henry paid no more attention to him; and in 1512 he went to Spain, by invitation o
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Canada (search)
t dissensions occurred between the civil and ecclesiastical authorities. Until the treaty of Utrecht (1713), Canada included all of present British America, and more. At that time Hudson Bay and vicinity was restored to England by Louis XIV. Newfoundland and Acadia (Nova Scotia) were ceded to the English, and all right to the Iroquois country (New York) was renounced, reserving to France only the valleys of the St. Lawrence and the Mississippi. The easy conquest of Louisburg revived a hope ected and made one nation, under the general title of The Dominion. Upper Canada was named Ontario, and Lower Canada Quebec. Provision was made for the future admission of Prince Edward Island, the Hudson Bay Territory, British Columbia, and Newfoundland, with its dependency, Labrador. In the new government the executive authority is vested in the Queen, and her representative in the Dominion is the acting governor-general, who is advised and aided by a privy council of fourteen members, cons
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cartier, Jacques 1494-1555 (search)
xplore the Western Continent. On April 20, 1534, after appropriate ceremonies in the cathedral at St. Malo, he sailed from that port with two ships, having each a crew of 120 men, and, after a prosperous voyage of twenty days, they arrived at Newfoundland. Sailing northward, he entered the Strait of Belle Isle, and, touching the coast of Labrador, he formally took possession of the country in the name of his king, and erected a cross, upon which he hung the arms of France. Turning southward, he followed the west coast of Newfoundland to Cape Race. Then he explored the Bay of Chaleurs, landed in Gaspe Bay, held friendly intercourse with the natives, and induced a chief to allow two of his sons to go with him to France, promising to return them the next year. There, also, he planted a cross with the French arms upon it, and, sailing thence northeast across the Gulf of St. Lawrence, entered the branch of the St. Lawrence River north of Anticosti Island. Unconscious of having discove
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