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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), International law, (search)
n subjects or others; third, that whatever force the laws of one country have in another depends solely on the municipal laws of the latter. There have been numerous congresses of international law experts for the purpose of simplifying and making more definite the obligations which one country owes to another, and in these congresses the United States has occupied a conspicuous place. The Association for the Reform and Codification of the Law of Nations held its first session in Brussels, Oct. 10, 1873, and subsequent ones were held in Geneva, The Hague, Bremen, Antwerp, Frankfort, London, Berne, Cologne, Turin, and Milan. An Institute of International Law was organized in Ghent in 1873, and has since held numerous sessions in various cities of Europe, The most conspicuous action of the nations concerning the abolition of international hostilities was taken in the Peace Conference at The Hague, in 1899, to which the United States was also a party. See codes; field, David Dudley.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Joint high commission. (search)
heries; (2) the navigation of the St. Lawrence River; (3) reciprocal trade between the United States and the Dominion of Canada; (4) the Northwest water boundary and the island of San Juan; (5) the claims of the United States against Great Britain for compensation for injuries committed by Confederate cruisers; (6) claims of British subjects against the United States for losses and injuries arising out of acts committed during the Civil War. A treaty was agreed to, and was signed May 8, 1871, which provided for the settlement, by arbitration, by a mixed commission, of all claims on both sides for injuries by either government to the citizens of the other, during the Civil War, and for the permanent settlement of all questions in dispute between the two nations (see Washington, treaty of). Arbitrators were appointed, who, at Geneva, Switzerland, formed what was known as the Tribunal of Arbitration, and reached a decision in which both parties acquiesced. See arbitration, tribunal of.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett 1830- (search)
Lockwood, Belva Ann Bennett 1830- Lawyer; born in Royalton, N. Y., Oct. 24, 1830; graduated at Genesee College, Lima, N. Y.; married, in 1848, Uriah H. McNall (died 1853), taught school in 1857-68, and married Dr. Ezekiel Lockwood in the latter year. She began the study of law in Washington; was admitted to the bar in 1873, and began practice before the Supreme Court and the Court of Claims in 1879. Afterwards she became prominent in the temperance, peace, and woman's suffrage movements. In 1888 she was nominated by the Equal Rights party for President of the United States. She represented the United States at the international congress of charities and corrections in Geneva, Switzerland, in 1896, and for several years was secretary of the American branch of the international peace bureau.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Prevost, Augustine 1725-1786 (search)
Prevost, Augustine 1725-1786 Military officer; born in Geneva, Switzerland, about 1725; served as captain under Wolfe at Quebec; distinguished himself in Georgia, especially in his defence of Savannah, in 1779, for which he was promoted to major-general. He died in Barnett, England, May 5, 1786.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Red cross, American National (search)
Red cross, American National The, a humane organization incorporated under the laws of the District of Columbia, Oct. 1, 1881; reincorporated, April 17, 1893, for the relief of suffering by war, pestilence, famine, flood, fires, and other calamities of sufficient magnitude to be deemed national in extent. The organization acts under the Geneva treaty, the provisions for which were made in international convention at Geneva, Switzerland, Aug. 22, 1864, and since signed by nearly all civilized nations, including the United States, which gave its adhesion by act of Congress March 1, 1882; ratified by the Congress of Berne, June 9, 1882; proclaimed by President Arthur July 26, 1882; headquarters, Washington, D. C. The officers of the American organization are: Board of Consultation—The President of the United States and members of the cabinet. In 1900 the executive officers were: Clara Barton, president; Brainard H. Warren, first vice-president; Stephen E. Barton, second vice-pre
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sclopis, Paul Frederick de Salerno, Count 1789-1878 (search)
e, and a foreign member in 1869. He was created minister of justice and ecclesiastical affairs in Piedmont in March, 1848, after having held the office of president of the superior commune of censorship. At the close of 1849 he entered the Piedmontese Senate, of which he was president until that principality was merged into the kingdom of Italy, in 1861, when he held the same office in the Italian Senate. At about that time he became president of the Turin Academy of Sciences; and in 1868 Victor Emanuel bestowed upon him the order of Annunziata, the highest of the kingdom. When, in 1871, Victor Emanuel was asked to appoint an arbitrator for the tribunal, at Geneva, to decide upon the claims growing out of the devastations committed by the cruiser Alabama, he selected Count Sclopis, and he was chosen by his colleagues president of the tribunal. For his services. on that occasion, the United States government presented him a service of silverplate. He died in Turin, March 8, 1878.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Socialism, (search)
sley, Maurice, Hughes, etc., arises in England about1850 Ferdinand Lassalle founds the German Social Democratic party1862 Universal German Laborers' Union, under the leadership of Lassalle, formed at LeipsicMay 23, 1863 Delegates of all nations in St. Martin's Hall, London, form the International Workingmen's AssociationSept. 28, 1864 Band of disciples of Lassalle organized in New York1865 Universal congress, for advancement and complete emancipation of the working-classes, at Geneva, SwitzerlandSept. 3, 1866 Karl Marx, German (1818-83), publishes his work, Das Kapital, called the Bible of the Social Democrats1867 Brocton community founded by Rev. Thomas Lake HarrisOct., 1867 Catholic socialism in Germany organized1868 International congress at The Hague (six delegates from America) results in the formation of a new international association on anarchistic principles under leadership of Michael Bakounine, and removal of seat of general council of the old association, which
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Treaties. (search)
aty of Amity and commerceParisApril 3, 1783 Treaty of Friendship and commerceStockholmSept. 4, 1816 Sweden and Norway: Treaty of Navigation, commerce, consular powersStockholmJuly 4, 1827 Convention of ExtraditionWashingtonMar. 21, 1860 Convention of NaturalizationStockholmMay 26, 1869 Swiss Confederation: Convention of Abolishing droit d'atubaine and taxes on emigrationWashingtonMay 18, 1847 Convention of Friendship, commerce, etc.BerneNov. 25, 1850 Treaty of International Red CrossGenevaMar. 1, 1882 Texas: Convention of IndemnityHoustonApril 11, 1838 Convention of BoundaryWashingtonApril 25, 1838 Tonga: Treaty of Amity, commerce, navigationU. S. Steamer MohicanOct. 2, 1886 Tripoli: Treaty of Peace and friendshipTripoliNov. 4, 1796 Treaty of Peace and amityTripoliJune 4, 1805 Tunis: Treaty of Peace and friendshipTunisMay 26, 1799 Two Sicilies: Convention of Regarding depredation of MuratNaplesOct. 14, 1832 Treaty of Commerce and navigationNaplesDec. 1, 1845 Conv
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Vignaud, Jean Henry 1830- (search)
Vignaud, Jean Henry 1830- Diplomatist; born in New Orleans, Nov. 27, 1830; received a fair education; captain of the 6th Louisiana Regiment in 1861-62; secretary of the Confederate diplomatic commission in Paris, in 1863; connected with the Alabama claims commission at Geneva in 1872; appointed first secretary of the American legation in Paris in 1882. He is the author of Critical and bibliographical notices of all voyages which preceded and prepared the discovery of the route to India by Diaz and of America by Columbus.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Washington, treaty of (search)
taly, or the President of the Swiss Confederation, or his Majesty the Emperor of Brazil, to name an arbitrator, either to fill the original appointment or in place of one who may have died, be absent, or incapacitated, or who may omit, decline, or from any cause cease to act as such arbitrator, his Majesty the King of Sweden and Norway shall be requested to name one or more persons, as the case may be, to act as such arbitrator or arbitrators. Art. 2. The arbitrators shall meet at Geneva, in Switzerland, at the earliest day convenient after they shall have been named, and shall proceed impartially and carefully to examine and decide all questions that shall be laid before them on the part of the governments of the United States and her Britannic Majesty respectively. All questions considered by the tribunal, including the final award, shall be decided by a majority of all the arbitrators. Each of all of the high contracting parties shall also name one person to attend the tribunal
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