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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
, which is made by the union of copper and tin, while brass consists of copper and zinc. Hiram procured his tin in Cornwall, England. Herodotus called Britain the Cassiterides, or Tin Islands, 450 B. C. Calamine was known in early times, and the Tprobable that some of the ancient alloys which we read of as brass were really bronze. The Phoenicians brought tin from Cornwall 1100 B. C., before the building of Solomon's Temple. See brass. Tarshish was thy merchant [Tyre]; with silver, iron, tin, and lead they traded in thy fairs. The tin of Cornwall, and also probably that from the peninsula of Malacca, was mixed with the copper of the Wady Maghara to form the Egyptian, Phoenician, and Assyrian bronzes. Dr. Wilson (Prehistoric Man may be called buddles. The rockers, long-toms, and sluices act in this manner. The buddle represented is used in Cornwall, England. The ore is spread over an inclined board, and a divided stream of water directed upon it, so as to gradually ca
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
b is a bronze socketchisel, 6 inches long, found at Karnbre, Cornwall, England. The ear or loop may have been for carrying it suspended froas erected at Meux's brewery in 1806. He took up his residence in Cornwall about 1813, where he astonished the Cornish engineers with the resr Cassiterides, which are the Seilly Islands and the promontory of Cornwall. Midacritus, says Pliny, was the first who brought tin from thenc has the principal part of the work, ores being brought there from Cornwall, Devonshire, Spain, South America, Australia, Africa, and the Unitensing steam-engine used especially in the copper and tin mines of Cornwall, but also used as a pumping-engine for watersupply in very many plt care and systematic mode of reporting the duty of the engines of Cornwall has enabled a more careful review to be made in respect to the gra earlier forms. The cylindrical boiler was introduced into Cornwall, England, in consequence of the use of a higher pressure of steam, whi
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
h engine, average duty30,000,000 Pounds, 1 foot high. In 1827, the improved Cornish engine, average duty32,000,000 In 1828, the improved Cornish engine, average duty37,000,000 In 1829, the improved Cornish engine, average duty41,000,000 In 1830, the improved Cornish engine, average duty43,350,000 In 1839, the improved Cornish engine, average duty54,000,000 In 1850, the improved Cornish engine, average duty60,000,000 Consolidated mines, highest duty 182767,000,000 Fowey Consols (Cornwall), highest duty 183497,000,000 United mines, highest duty 1842108,000,000 D-valve. A species of slide-valve, employed chiefly in the steam-engine, and adapted to bring each steam-port alternately in communication with the steam and exhaust respectively. Dwang. 1. A large iron bar-wrench used to tighten nuts on bolts. 2. A crow-bar used by masons. Dwarf-raft′er. （Carpentry.) Little jack. A short rafter in the hip of a roof. Dwarf-wall. A low wall serving to sur
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
xit through the whistles, and sounds the alarm. Another has two whistles and a single mouth-piece, the aim being to produce discordant sounds, which arrest attention. A very large fog-whistle, worked by a ten-horsepower engine, is placed on Thatcher's Island, off Salem, Mass. Fog—bell. A bell upon a vessel, buoy, or spit of land, and rung by the motion of the waves or force of the wind, as a warning to mariners. See Fogalarm. Foge. （Mining.) A forge for smelting tin. (Cornwall.) Fog—horn. See fog-alarm. Fog—trump′et. A horn or trumpet placed on a projecting headland, a vessel, or a spar, and blown by mechanical means or by the wind, as a warning to mariners. See fog-alarm. Fog—sig′nal. A detonating ball placed on a railroad track, to indicate danger ahead to the engineer of a passing train. For nautical, see fog-alarm. Fog—whis′tle. （Nautical.) A signal of warning for vessels off a coast. A sounder on the principle o
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
er of which are cited under gold-mining, the machines and devices being also enumerated in the specific index metallurgy (which see). The pan, the rocking-cradle, the shaking-table (Fig. 2266), the inclined chute, the series of settling-vats, the trough with slats or rifles, the vertically reciprocated sieve, are types of machines which have many varieties and names. The nomenclature of mining is very fall, but a large number of its terms are local. In England the miners of Derbyshire and Cornwall have, to some extent, their own sets of terms, and these differ in many respects from those which obtain in the coal regions. See specific list under mining. Edrisi, the Arab geographer (about 1150), the friend of Roger II. of Sicily, speaks of the employment of quicksilver in the gold-washings made by the negroes of Sofala as a long-known practice, and the use of this metal in gathering gold has increased with the lapse of time. See amalgamator. Gold-wire. Gold-wire, so calle
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), K. (search)
at intervals to produce the figure, one part being above and the other below. When different colors are used, the pattern will be the same on both sides, but the colors reversed. Kid′dle. A weir or fish-trap. Kid′ney-link. （Harness.) A coupling for the harness below the collar. Kid′nip-pers. （Molding.) Nippers used in gunmolding for bringing the hoops taut around the mold. Kil′las. （Mining.) The clay-slate in which the ores of copper and tin are found in Cornwall, England. Kiln. A furnace for calcining; as plaster of paris or carbonate of lime in its shapes of marble, chalk, or limestone. See lime-kiln. Or for baking articles of clay in the biscuit condition. A biscuit-kiln. See glaze-kiln. Or for drying malt, hops, lumber, grain, fruit, starch, biscuit, etc. Or for vitrifying articles of clay, such as pottery, porcelain, bricks. See porcelain; brick. Herodotus speaks of baking bricks in kilns. The latter word may refer t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
urning wood. Such were the lights of the famous Pharos of Alexandria, and the Tour de Corduan at the mouth of the Garonne. In 1812, the Lizard Point light, Cornwall, England, was maintained with coal fires. The same may be said of the Isle of May light, Frith of Forth, Scotland, in 1816. This, in fact, was the usual light at thy light-vessel belonging to the Corporation of Trinity House at present rides is at the station of the Seven Stones between the Scilly Islands and the coast of Cornwall, and is about 40 fathoms. Light-vessels are moored with chain-cables of 1 1/2 inch diameter, and a single mushroom anchor of 32 ewt.; the chain-cables are 200ns fall into the holes in the bolt by their own weight. Locks of this kind are supposed to have been exchanged by the Phoenician navigators with the people of Cornwall for tin, and locks of this pattern, but home-made, still exist in that queer old prong of Britain. Occasional notices are found among the Greek and Roman writ
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
8 hours each. It has a stroke of 10 feet. A similar engine at another shaft in the same mine has a stroke of 12 feet. Man-engine. At the Trevesan mine in Cornwall, which is 300 fathoms deep, a man-engine has been constructed for lifting the miners and lowering them to their work, a depth of 240 fathoms. It has two paralleof lifting water, which preceded by many years the useful application of the steam-engine to the purposes of locomotion, either upon land or water. The mines of Cornwall (which were worked by the ancient inhabitants, 3,000 years ago) were drained by means of the Savary apparatus and the atmospheric engines of Newcomen. Here alsopumping-engine has been more closely observed and recorded than that of any other engine. When Boulton and Watt's patent expired, the best of their engines in Cornwall were doing an average duty of 24 millions of pounds of water raised 1 foot high by 112 pounds of Welch coal. The rate deteriorated for a while, owing, it is
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
ights; and extended experiments to ascertain the density of the earth have been made with the pendulum by Professor Airy in the years 1826 – 28, in deep mines in Cornwall, and later in other places at great depths and hights. From the first of the foregoing laws it follows that as the length of the pendulum varies in consequenced over the ore, and the table is subjected to the concussion at intervals. The French apparatus (table d secousses) is like the rack used in the tin-works of Cornwall. The comminuted ore is brought upon the swinging table by a thin sheet of water, and, being spread in a state of mechanical suspension in the liquid, is caused is humble home in Tours. The materials chiefly used in the North Staffordshire potteries are a light brown clay from Poole in Dorsetshire, and white clay from Cornwall, to which pulverized flint or granite is frequently added. The clays are derived from decomposed granite, and are prepared by mixing them in a plunger containin
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), R. (search)
n which metalliferous slimes are placed and exposed to a stream of water, which washes off the lighter portions. It is to the slimes what buddling is to the ores. The operation is known as racking, recking, and framing in different districts of Cornwall, and particularly applies to tin ores. See frame. 5. (Horology.) A steel piece in the striking part of a clock. It consists of a bar attached radially to an axis, and having a lower and an upper arm. The former is called the rack-tail, a. The four principal ones were, — 1. Watling Street; from Kent, by way of London, to Cardigan Bay, in Wales. 2. Ikenild Street; from St. David's, Wales, by way of Birmingham, Derby, and York, to Tynemouth, England. 3. Fosse Way; from Cornwall to Lincoln. 4. Ermin Street; from St. David's to Southampton. In many places the remains are yet visible; in many others the old pavement is below the surface, having been buried by the vegetable growth of centuries, or covered by earth fr
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