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James ii., 1633-1671
King of England; born in St. James's Palace, London, Oct. 14, 1633; son of Charles I. and Henrietta Maria.
During the civil war, in which his father lost his head, James and his brother Gloucester and sister Elizabeth were under the guardianship of the Duke of Northumberland, and lived in the palace.
When the overthrow of monarchy appeared inevitable, in 1648, he fled to the Netherlands, with his mother and family, and he was in Paris when Charles I. was beheaded.
He entered the French service (1651), and then the Spanish (1655), and was treated with much consideration by the Spaniards.
His brother ascended the British throne in 1660 as Charles ii., and the same year James married Anne Hyde, daughter of the Earl of Clarendon.
She died in 1671, and two years afterwards, James married Maria Beatrice Eleanor, a princess of the House of Este, of Modena, twenty-five years younger than himself.
While in exile James had become a Roman Catholic, but did not ack
Percy, Hugh 1742-
Duke of Northumberland; born in England, Aug. 25, 1742.
Entering the army in his youth, he first saw service under Prince Ferdinand in Germany.
He commanded as brigadier-general against
Hugh Percy. the Americans in 1775-76.
To Lexington, on the morning of the affray there, he led a timely reinforcement, and in the fall of 1776 he assisted in the reduction of Fort Washington.
The next month his mother died, when he succeeded to the baronetcy of Percy, and returned to ntering the army in his youth, he first saw service under Prince Ferdinand in Germany.
He commanded as brigadier-general against
Hugh Percy. the Americans in 1775-76.
To Lexington, on the morning of the affray there, he led a timely reinforcement, and in the fall of 1776 he assisted in the reduction of Fort Washington.
The next month his mother died, when he succeeded to the baronetcy of Percy, and returned to England.
He became Duke of Northumberland in June, 1786, and died July 10, 1817.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Smithson , James Lewis Macie 1835 (search)
Smithson, James Lewis Macie -1835
Philanthropist; place and date of birth not positively known, some authorities giving England about 1754, and others France in 1765.
At the commencement of his will, he wrote: I, James Smithson, son of Hugh, third Duke of Northumberland, and Elizabeth, heiress of the Hungerfords of Audley, and niece to Charles, the proud Duke of Somerset, without giving the date of his nativity.
He took his degree at Oxford University (1786) under the surname of Macie, but between 1791 and 1803 he adopted the family name of Smithson.
He was distinguished at the university as a chemist; became the associate of the leading scientists of the day; and was elected fellow of the Royal Society in 1787, to the Transactions of which he contributed eight papers.
At his death, in Genoa, Italy, June 27, 1829, he left about 200 manuscripts, which seemed to be chiefly portions of a philosophical dictionary.
In his will, dated Oct. 23, 1826, he bequeathed to his nephew the
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)