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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
ardo da Vinci, b. 1452, was an imitation of the mechanical structure of the eye. Samuel Pepys, in His Diary, records a conversation with Dr. Scarborough on board the Charles, formerly the Nazeby, on the voyage of Charles II. from the Hague to Dover, May 24, 1660. Dr. Scarborough remarked that custom taught children to direct the axes of the two eyes convergingly upon an object, and presumed that the visual image of but one eye was appreciated at a time. Dr. Scarborough does not seem to havetire to a place of safety, is then ignited, and placed in contact with the priming. In the construction of the Southeastern Railway 400,000 cubic yards of compact Chalk were lifted from the face of the Round Down Cliff, two miles west of Dover, England, at a single blast. Three charges were employed, placed in chambers, 70 feet apart, the center and largest one being placed at a salient point 72 feet, and those on each side each 56 feet distant from the face of the cliff. The charges of
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), E. (search)
resistance is inserted in 2 and its resistance calculated from the deflections of the needle in the galvanometer, caused by the current thrown through the bridge. See Duplextelegraph. Electric cable. E-lec′tric Ca′ble. Various forms of telegraph cable for submarine uses have been proposed. That between England and Ireland is composed of a single copper wire covered with gutta-percha, surrounded by hempen yarn, and the whole protected by ten No. 8 iron wires twisted. That between Dover and Calais has four copper wires covered with gutta-percha twisted into a rope, and protected in similar manner. It weighs seven, and the Irish two, tons to the mile. The first Atlantic cable was composed of seven No. 22 copper wires, covered with gutta-percha, hempen yarn, and an outside coating of iron wire. This weighed 19 cwt. to the mile. The cut shows a cable with coils diversely twisted. See telegraph cable. E-lec′tric clock. A dial with hands and goingtrain impelled by re<
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), L. (search)
hias, on which was the royal palace. Fires were kept lighted on the summit, and it was inscribed, King Ptolemy to the gods, the saviors, for the benefit of sailors. Sostratus carved his own name beneath and filled it with mortar, upon which Ptolemy's name was inscribed. In process of time the mortar scaled off and brought the name of the architect to the surface. The tower fell A. D. 1303. Other ancient lighthouses were situated at Messina, Ostea, Ravenna, Puteoli, Caprea, Rhodes, Dover, the Thracian Bosphorus. The light in each was obtained by fires. During the Saxon rule in England, beacons were erected to direct navigation, and persons were appointed to keep them in order. The expense was defrayed by the county. Pitch boxes were made use of in the reign of Edward III. Lighthouses. The Eddystone lighthouse (b) is erected upon a rock of that name ten miles from shore, off Plymouth, England. A lighthouse was built on the spot, 1696-99, by Winstanley, who perish
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), S. (search)
il a comparatively recent period, exclusively, was cemented by a calcareous substance, as Roman, or, still better, Portland cement, which hardens after being mixed with water. Ordinary concrete and Beton (which see) are of this class. Terra-cotta, employed for architectural ornaments, statuary, etc., is in the nature of a fine brick. Cement stones have been largely employed for constructions in the sea, especially for harbor dams, breakwaters, and quay walling. We may cite the moles of Dover and Alderney, in England, of Port Vendre, Cette, La Ciotat, Marseilles, and Cherbourg in France, Carthagena in Spain, Pola in the Adriatic, of Algiers and Port Said in Africa, and Cape Henlopen at the mouth of the Delaware. For the break water at Cherbourg artificial stone blocks of 712 cubic feet each were immersed The fortifications before Copenhagen are made of a concrete of broken stone and hydraulic mortar. The sluice of Francis Joseph on the Danube, in Hungary, is built entirely o
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
irst submarine cable ever laid in the open sea was laid between Dover, England, and Cape Grinez, France, in 1850. It was a single strand of wting, and worked only one day. The next cable was also laid between Dover and Calais, in 1851. This cable was covered with iron wire, contaia permanent success. The next long cable was laid in 1853, between Dover and Ostend, a distance of 80 miles, contained 6 conducting wires, ad. Date.FromLength in Miles.Greatest Depth in Fathoms. 1850*Dover, England, to Calais, France2530 1851Dover, England, to Calais, France25Dover, England, to Calais, France2530 1852Keyhaven to Hurst Castle, England320 1852Holyhead, Wales, to Howth, Ireland6583 1852Port Patrick, Scotland, to Donaghadee, Ireland15land to New Brunswick1218 1853Denmark across the Belt1815 1853Dover, England, to Ostend, Belgium763 1853Port Patrick, Scotland, to Donaghadnd found in good preservation. i and j are the cables connecting Dover and Ostend, and Portpatrick and Donaghadee. These two cables are p