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Pausanias, Description of Greece, Elis 2, chapter 19 (search)
Locrians near Phocis, and among them the Myonians. So the Myanians on the shield are in my opinion the same folk as the Myonians on the Locrian mainland. The letters on the shield are a little distorted, a fault due to the antiquity of the votive offering. There are placed here other offerings worthy to be recorded, the sword of Pelops with its hilt of gold, and the ivory horn of Amaltheia, an offering of Miltiades the son of Cimon, who was the first of his house to rule in the Thracian Chersonesus. On the horn is an inscription in old Attic characters:To Olympian Zeus was I dedicated by the men of ChersonesusAfter they had taken the fortress of Aratus.Their leader was Miltiades.There stands also a box-wood image of Apollo with its head plated with gold. The inscription says that it was dedicated by the Locrians who live near the Western Cape, and that the artist was Patrocles of Crotona, the son of Catillus. Next to the treasury of the Sicyonians is the treasury of the Carthagini
M. Tullius Cicero, On the Agrarian Law (ed. C. D. Yonge), chapter 19 (search)
He orders everything to be sold which belonged to the people of Attalia, and of Phaselus, and of Olympus, and the land of Agera, of Orindia, and of Gedusa. All this became your property owing to the campaigns and victory of that most illustrious man, Publius Servilius. He adds the royal domain of Bithynia, which is at present farmed by the public contractors; after that, he adds the lands belonging to Attalus in the Chersonesus; and those in Macedonia, which belonged to king Philip or king Perses; which also were let out to contractors by the censors, and which are a most certain revenue. He also puts up to auction the lands of the Corinthians, rich and fertile lands; and those of the Cyrenaeans, which did belong to Apion; and the lands in Spain near Carthagena; and those in Africa near the old Carthage itself—a place which Publius Africanus consecrated, not on account of any religious feeling for the place itself
M. Tullius Cicero, Against Piso (ed. C. D. Yonge), chapter 35 (search)
lished man, to his debtors? Did you not when you had given up your winter quarters to your lieutenant and prefect, utterly destroy those miserable cities? which were not only drained of all their wealth, but were compelled to undergo all the unholy cruelties and excesses of your lusts. What was your method of valuing corn? or the compliment which you claimed? if, indeed, that which is extorted by violence and by fear can be called a compliment. And this conduct of yours was felt nearly equally by all, but most bitterly by the Boeotians, and Byzantines, and by the people of the Chersonesus and Thessalonica. You were the only master, you were the only valuer, you were the only seller of all the corn in the whole province for the space of three years.
lians and private citizens and gone direct from Constantinople to Sebastopol, as so many idlers and amateurs had done; but, having presented tby him. But they did not succeed in obtaining permission to go to Sebastopol, because the officers in command there had requested that no strastowed upon it. The first is a brief criticism of the defences of Sebastopol:-- From the preceding hasty and imperfect account of the defences of Sebastopol, it will appear how little foundation there was for the generally received accounts of the stupendous dimensions of the workand heroic infantry who defended them. Much stronger places than Sebastopol have often fallen under far less obstinate and well-combined attae can be no danger in expressing the conviction that the siege of Sebastopol called forth the most magnificent defence of fortifications that ccupied by the storming party, and thus the Malakoff, and with it Sebastopol, was won. The few Russians remaining in the work made a desperate
ose of attack; or the trench or protected road constructed by the besiegers for conveying ordnance, ammunition, and stores, or for marching bodies of men to or from the parallels; in the latter case approaches may be either excavations, with the earth therefrom thrown up as an embankment on the side exposed to the enemy's shot, or they may be formed of sand-bags, gabions, fascines, or anything, in short, which will stop a cannon-ball. The works of this kind constructed during the siege of Sebastopol in 1854 and 1855 are probably without a parallel in modern history, if indeed they were ever equalled in the history of sieges. They embraced seventy miles of sunken trenches, and no less than sixty thousand fascines, eighty thousand gabions, and one million sand-bags were employed to protect the men working in the trenches and at the different batteries. A′pron. 1. A board or leather which conducts material over an opening; as, the grain in a separator, the ore in a buddle or frame
lan in 1851 in an attempt to raise the wreck of the United States steamer Missouri, burned and sunk in the Bay of Gibraltar in 1845. He found it ineffectual; the difficulty being, in this case, the bursting of the bags. He tried them again at Sevastopol with the same result. He removed the wreck at Gibraltar Roads by blowing it to pieces by the explosion of loaded cast-iron cylinders inserted beneath the vessel. The charges were ignited by electricity, and the portions of the wreck removed pans of chain falls working from two open-trussed frames supported upon hulks on either side. This gentleman, under a contract with the Russian government afterward, between 1857 and 1862, raised the hulls of the vessels sunk in the harbor of Sevastopol during the siege of that place by the Allies. These were more than 100 in number. The attempt was first made to lift them entirely by means of floating caissons or docks on either side, connected by chains to the hull of the vessel. It was
n, Egyptian. San′dal-brick. A local name for imperfectly burnt brick. Sandel, semel, place, pecking brick. Sand-bag. 1. (Fortification.) A canvas sack filled with sand or earth, and used in fortification. Sand-bags are used as a cover for troops, as a revetment for parapets and embrasures. They usually contain a cubic foot of earth. They are extensively used to crown the parapet of earth excavated in sapping. 1,000,000 sand-bags were employed in the offensive works at Sevastopol, principally in the protection for the 70 miles of approaches. 2. A form of ballast for boats. 3. The ballast of a balloon, thrown out to enable the balloon to rise, or to keep its level as gas escapes. 4. A long flannel bag filled with sand, used to stop chinks beneath doors or between sashes. 5. (Sheet-metal Working.) A flat sack filled with sand on which work is supported while being chased. 6. (Engraving.) A similar bag on which the plate is laid and turned about wh
duated vertical semicircle and a level, and a micrometer for measuring the distances between the stars. Ze′nith-tube. Invented by Airy. It is used at Greenwich for stellar observations. Zigzag. 1. (Fortification.) One of the trenches leading toward the besieged works, and communicating between the several parallels. It turns to the right and to the left, but with a general curved course, in such a manner as not to be enfiladed by the guns of the fort. The approaches to Sebastopol, including the zigzags and parallels, embraced 70 miles of sunken trenches, and required no less than 60,000 fascines, 80,000 gabions, and 1,000,000 sandbags, to protect the men working in the trenches and at the different batteries. 2. A winding chute on the face of a dam to enable fish to ascend. A salmon-stair; fishway; fish-ladder. Zinc. Equivalent, 32.5; symbol, Zn.; specific gravity, cast, about 6.8; rolled, 7 to 7.2; fusingpoint, 773° Fah. A rather hard bluish-white met
see how a Christian could die. He sleeps on the field of his fame, and his lonely tomb, beneath the tropical grove, is hung round with unfading laurels, and never will the Christian traveller or soldier pass it without dropping one tear to him who sleeps beneath. Hedley Vicars was an excellent Christian soldier. In the midst of the dangers attending the hard service in the Crimea he was as peaceful and happy as if reposing quietly with his friends at home. In one of his letters from Sebastopol he says to his sister: It is six months since I have been in reach of a house of prayer, or have had an opportunity of receiving the sacrament; yet never have I enjoyed more frequent or precious communion with my Saviour than I have found in the trenches, or in the tent. When, I should like to know, could we find the Saviour more precious than when the bullets are falling around like hail? Again he writes: I have often heard it said, the worse man, the better soldier. Facts contradict t
Thomas Wentworth Higginson, Book and heart: essays on literature and life, Chapter 5: a bit of war photography (search)
s, in Emerson's phrase, Cut these and they bleed. The breathlessness, the hurry, the confusion, the seeming aimlessness, as of a whole family of disturbed ants, running to and fro, yet somehow accomplishing something at last; all these aspects, which might seem the most elementary and the easiest to depict, are yet those surest to be omitted, not merely by the novelists, but by the regimental histories themselves. I know that when I first read Tolstoi's War and Peace, The Cossacks and Sevastopol, it seemed as if all other so-called military novels must become at once superannuated and go out of print. All others assumed, in comparison, that bandbox aspect which may be seen in most military or naval pictures; as in the well-known engraving of the death of Nelson, where the hero is sinking on the deck in perfect toilette, at the height of a bloody conflict, while every soldier or sailor is grouped around him, each in heroic attitude and spotless garments. It is this Tolstoi qualit
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