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Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
reduced to powder. Barkome-ter. A hydrometer so graduated as to determine the strength of ooze according to a given scale of proportions, water being zero. Bark Paper. Throughout Southeastern Asia and Oceanica the Broussonesia papyrifera, or paper mulberry, is a common tree, and its bark is capable, by soaking and beating, of assuming the appearance of fine linen. It may be bleached, dyed, and printed, and is a common material for dress in the islands of Oceanica. In Java and Sumatra it is the common material for writing upon. When solidified and burnished, it resembles parchment. Manuscripts in European museums attest its quality. The same bark made into a pulp is used in China and Japan for making paper. The processes adopted with bamboo and the mulberry-bark are substantially similar after the reduction of the raw material into a pulpy condition. The Chinese processes are as follows: — The paper-stuff being rinsed with water alone, or with water in which ri
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), M. (search)
Atlantic Ocean, where it cuts the meridian of Greenwich in about 65° south latitude. The eastern line of no variation (1787) is extremely irregular, heaving curious curves and contortions, indicating the action of local magnetic forces. It begins in latitude 60° south, below Australia; crosses that island, extends through the Eastern Archipelago with a double sinuosity so as to cross the equator three times; first passing north of it to the east of Borneo, returns, passing south between Sumatra and Borneo, and crossing the equator again south of Ceylon, from whence it passes to the east through the Yellow Sea. It then stretches along the coast of China, making a semicircular sweep to the west till it reaches the latitude of 71° north, when it deseends again to the south, and returns north with a great semicircular bend which terminates in the White Sea. Captain Sir James Ross reached the magnetic pole, latitude 70° 5′ 17″ north, and longitude 96° 46′ 45″ west, on the 1st
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
e or less enduring. Under the article pen may be found some references to pictured and inscribed rocks, to writings on tablets, skins, stones, slabs of clay, bones, shells, linen, metallic plates, and ivory. See pen. Close at home we have an excellent substitute in an emergency, birch-bark, used by the northern tribes of Indians. In Polynesia and Oceanica, as well as in China and Japan, the Morus papyrifera, or papermulberry, yields an inner bark which is of great value. In Java and Sumatra it is the ordinary material for writing upon. Its use as a garment is perhaps most extensive among the Feejees. Among these ingenious cannibals the tappa cloth, as it is termed, is made by removing the bark from the tree in strips six feet long and three inches wide. These are soaked and then beaten on a table with flat grooved mallets, until the strip is extended into a sheet as wide as it is long. This is then flattened with a smooth mallet, and pieces may be united by beating the
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), T. (search)
g Kong975630 1871Hong Kong to Shanghai1,10042 1871Shanghai, China, to Nagasaki, Japan1,200135 1871Nagasaki to Vladivostock, Siberia80 1871Rhodes to Marmarice22 1871Latakia to Cyprus86 1871Samos to Scala Nuova1182 1871Myteleni to Aivali1333 1871Khania to Retimo32200 1871Retimo to Khandia41152 1871Khandia to Rhodes201600 1871Khios to Chesmeh633 1871Zante to Corfu150 1871Zante to Cephalonia18203 1871Lowestoft, England, to Greitseil, Germany22323 1871Anjer, Java, to Telok Betong, Sumatra5550 1871Banjoewangie, Java, to Port Darwin, Australia1,0821,580 1871St. Thomas to St. Kitts1331,170 1871St. Kitts to Antigua90130 1871Antigua to Demerara, connecting the West India Windward Islands1,028 1871Porto Rico to Jamaica582 1872Lizard, England, to Bilbao, Spain460 1872British Columbia to Vancouver Island.18 1873Falmouth to Lisbon850 1873Caithness to Orkney8 1873Valentia to Newfoundland1,900 1873Key West to Havana125 1873Placentia, Newfoundland, to Sydney, Cape Breton300