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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing) | 6 | 0 | Browse | Search |
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Illinois Indians,
A family of the Algonquian nation that comprised several clans—Peorias, Moingwenas, Kaskaskias, Tamnaroas, and Cahokias.
At a very early period they drove a Dakota tribe, whom they called the Arkansas, to the country on the southern Mississippi.
These were the Quapaws.
In 1640 they almost exterminated the Winnebagoes; and soon afterwards they waged war with the Iroquois and Sioux.
Their domain was between Lakes Michigan and Superior and the Mississippi River.
Marquette found some of them (the Peorias and Moingwenas) near Des Moines, west of the Mississippi, in 1672; also the Peorias and Kaskaskias on the Illinois River.
The Tamaroas and Cahokias were on the Mississippi.
The Jesuits found the chief Illinois town consisting of 8,000 people, in nearly 400 large cabins, covered with water-proof mats, with, generally, four fires to a cabin.
In 1679 they were badly defeated by the Iroquois, losing about 1,300, of whom 900 were prisoners: and they retaliated by
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sault de Ste. Marie ship-canal. (search)
Sault de Ste. Marie ship-canal.
Saint Mary's Strait or River, connecting Lakes Superior and Huron, is 63 miles in length,
A lock on the Sault De Ste. Marie ship-canal. and but for the St. Mary's Falls, or Sault de Ste. Marie, would be navigable throughout its course for the largest vessels.
These falls, or more properly rapids, are about a mile from Lake Superior, and have within the space of three-quarters of a mile a fall of about 20 feet. Until the construction of a canal around them, they completely prevented the passage of vessels from one lake to the other.
On May 19, 1855, the first ship-canal was opened, having been constructed at great expense by the State of Michigan.
This canal was afterwards transferred to the United States, and in 1881 the government opened another and larger one, parallel with it. The lock in the latter was then the largest in the world.
It is 515 feet long, 80 feet wide, and has a lift of 20 feet. It can be filled in fifteen minutes, and is