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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Antietam, battle of. (search)
Antietam, battle of. After the surrender of Harper's Ferry, Sept. 15, 1862. Lee felt himself in a perilous position, for General Franklin had entered Pleasant Valley that very morning and threatened the severance of his army. Lee at once took measures to concentrate his forces. He withdrew his troops from South Mountain and took position in the Antietam valley, near Sharpsburg, Md. Jackson, by swift marches, had recrossed the Potomac and joined Lee on Antietam Greek. When the Confederates left South Mountain, McClellan's troops followed them. Lee's plans were thwarted, and he found himself compelled to fight. McClellan was very cautious, for he believed the Confederates were on his front in overwhelming numbers. It was ascertained that Lee's army did not number more than 60,000, McClellan's effective force was 87,000. McClellan's army was well in hand (Sept. 16), and Lee's was well posted on the heights near Sharpsburg, on the western side of Antietam Creek, a sluggish s
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Harper's Ferry, (search)
burg.D, D. Walker's march from Monocacy to Sharpsburg. B, B. Longstreet's march from Frederick to Sharpsburg.E, E. Confederate position at Antietam. C, C. McLaws and Anderson's march from Frederick to Sharpsburg.H, H. Franklin's march from Pleasant Valley to Antietam. Franklin followed the same route as McLaws from Frederick to Pleasant Valley; the remainder of the Union Army that of Longstreet from Frederick to Boonesboro, and thence to the Antietam. The arrows show the direction of the Pleasant Valley; the remainder of the Union Army that of Longstreet from Frederick to Boonesboro, and thence to the Antietam. The arrows show the direction of the march. Where two or more letters come together, it indicates that the several bodies followed the same route. Burning of the arsenal, Harper's Ferry teries opened upon the garrison, he displayed a white flag. Before it was seen by the Confederates, one of their shots had killed him. The post was surrendered, with all its troops, ordnance, ammunition, and stores. There were 11,583 men— half of them New-Yorkers—surrendered, and the spoils were seventy-three cannon, 13,000 small-arms, 200
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), South Mountain, battle of (search)
field, was killed. He died almost at the moment of victory, and his command devolved on General Cox. Meade, with his brigades, led by General Seymour and Colonels Magilton and Gallagher, fought on the right of Hatch's division. General Duryee, whose fine brigade of Ricketts's division had participated in the later struggles of Pope with Lee, was just coming up when the contest ceased at that point. Meanwhile the brigades of Gibbons and Hartsuff had pushed up the road along the Gap, fighting and winning steadily until about 9 P. M., when, having reached a point near the summit of the Gap, their ammunition was exhausted. But the victory for the Nationals was secured. During the night Lee withdrew his forces, and so ended the battle of South Mountain. Franklin meanwhile, confronted by Confederates led by Howell Cobb, had fought and driven his enemies over the mountain into the valley at Crampton's Gap, and held a position in Pleasant Valley, within 6 miles of Harper's Ferry.