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he surrounding country the larger portion of the work was required upon Columbus and Pillow; and a proportionate amount was put on No. 10 and New Madrid; so that when the time came to occupy them, they, as well as Fort Pillow, were in a proper state of defense. General Polk's share in this campaign will appear as the events arise. Of his valuable and conspicuous services after the battle of Shiloh, it is not within the scope of this work to give a detailed account. At Perryville, at Murfreesboro, at Chickamauga, in baffling Sherman in February, 1864, and in General J. E. Johnston's retreat from North Georgia, his courage and skill made him one of the main supports of the Confederate cause in the West. Whoever was at the head, it was upon Polk and Hardee, the corps commanders, as upon two massive pillars, that the weight of organization and discipline rested. General Polk was made a lieutenant-general, October 10, 1862, and was killed by a shell aimed at him, June 14, 1864, near
a short time before daylight, when I hastened to the river and began to ferry the men over to the opposite shore as rapidly as possible. Floyd's brigade, which had been drawn up near the river-bank, possibly with this intent, was nearest the landing. Hence they were the first to enter the boats, but none were excluded. All who came were taken on board, and great numbers crossed and made their escape: 1,175 men of the Virginia regiments were reported at the siege, and 982 reported at Murfreesboro ten days later, accounting thereby for all except the killed and wounded. When it was determined to cut their way out, orders had been sent to General B. R. Johnson, and between one and two o'clock he drew up the left wing, including Heiman's brigade, for the sally. By 3 A. M. it was paraded outside the intrenchments by column of regiments.--A little later, the Virginia regiments were withdrawn by Floyd; and Johnson, sending an aide to state that he was ready to move, learned from B
omrades in arms. While mindful of whatever might aid the commanders at Donelson, General Johnston neglected nothing to secure the retreat of his own column. He brought Crittenden's command back within ten miles of Nashville, and thence to Murfreesboro. Besides the general orders for the march, he instructed Hardee to Let it be known that the object is to secure the crossing of the Cumberland, and no apprehension of the enemy in the rear. You will thus preserve their morale. This order musor-General Hardee completed the evacuation of Bowling Green on the 14th inst., and the rear-guard passed the Cumberland at this point yesterday morning in good order. I have ordered the army to encamp to-night midway between this place and Murfreesboro. My purpose is, to place the force in such a position that the enemy cannot concentrate his superior strength against the command, and to enable me to assemble as rapidly as possible such other troops in addition as it may be in my power to c
d. headquarters Western Department, Murfreesboro, Tennessee, February 27, 1862. sir: The army ashville, and while General Johnston was at Murfreesboro with his troops, and while General Forrest emained a short time, and then proceeded to Murfreesboro. This must have been before the 23d of Febof his army; nor did I have on the march to Murfreesboro. I think it was at Murfreesboro that I firrinth. As to the movements by rail from Murfreesboro to Stevenson and thence to Corinth, by the commissary supplies were left at Nashville, Murfreesboro, Shelbyville, Fayetteville, and Huntsville.wn army (now numbering about 17,000 men) at Murfreesboro. The nucleus was the force that had been pel Wood, with forty men, again set out from Murfreesboro, secretly and in separate parties, on the are quoted: When we left Nashville for Murfreesboro the trip was made in the night, because thewas spreading, and I ordered the command to Murfreesboro, where I managed, by assembling Crittenden'[19 more...]
atur, for the valley of the Mississippi. Is in good condition and increasing in numbers. When his arrangements at Murfreesboro were complete, he wrote to Mr. Benjamin, February 27th, that he was about to move to the defense of the Mississippi Vassist defense as fast as possible? In his report of the battle of Shiloh, he says: General Johnston being at Murfreesboro, on the march to form junction of his forces with mine, was called on to send at least a brigade by railroad, so we mihe left Pensacola marched northward till they came in sight of Cincinnati, and fought under him at Shiloh, Perryville, Murfreesboro, Chickamauga, and Missionary Ridge; and the historian who attempts impartially to give the details of his marches and d more comprehensive duties of a great captain in time of battle. His plans of battles, and orders promulgated, as at Murfreesboro and Chickamauga, will be found to evince more ability, and to comprehend remarkable accuracy of detail as well as clea
l my available forces at and around Corinth. Meanwhile, having called on the Governors of the States of Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, and Louisiana, to furnish additional troops, some of them (chiefly regiments from Louisiana) soon reached this vicinity, and, with two divisions of General Polk's command from Columbus, and a fine corps of troops from Mobile and Pensacola, under Major-General Bragg, constituted the Army of the Mississippi. At the same time General Johnston, being at Murfreesboro, on the march to form a junction of his forces with mine, was called on to send at least a brigade by railroad, so that we might fall on and crush the enemy should he attempt to advance from under his gunboats. The call on General Johnston was promptly complied with. His entire force was also hastened in this direction; and by the first of April our united forces were concentrated along the Mobile & Ohio Railroad from Bethel to Corinth, and on the Memphis & Charleston Railroad from Cori
at present, and it may be a question whether his vessels can ascend them, even at a flood — this remains to be seen. The only warlike obstructions to his progress would be Forts Henry and Donelson. If, when Buell advances in concert, we do not get out of the way in a hurry, the Anaconda may give this little army a hug not pleasing to our prospects. The subjoined is part of a letter from the same friend, at a later date, descriptive of engagements in which he participated: Murfreesboro, Tenn., Feb. 20th, 1862. friend Tom: I am hit at last, and must tell you all about it. When writing to you last from Bowling Green, I had apprehensions that all was not going on well with us, and stories were circulated round Headquarters regarding immense forces somewhere; by which there was reason to conclude we should be compelled to relinquish our hold of Kentucky, and possibly cross the Tennessee! We were not long left in suspense. Buell dared not attack us in front, but waited fo
s fair to rival that of Virginia. As you are doubtless aware, we have fought another great battle, in fact, two, which I consider are without parallel on this continent, and approach more closely to European conflicts than any thing which either you or I have participated in as yet. To give a plain statement of things, let me begin at the beginning and go through in proper order. After the disastrous affair of Fort Donelson, Johnston reformed his army, and remained some short time at Murfreesboro, but subsequently fell back to Corinth to defend the Memphis and Charleston Railroad. Beauregard came on from Virginia and inspected Columbus. It was deemed inadvisable to defend that place; the works were blown up, and all the cannon and stores transferred to Island No.10, which it was thought might be converted into a little Gibraltar, and successfully beat back the enemy's flotillas on the Mississippi. The command was given to General Mackall; Beauregard was installed second in comm
After dinner I went to bed while William, my servant, put a few necessary stitches in my apparel, and dried my underclothing and boots. I am badly off for clothing; my coat is out at the elbows, and my pantaloons are in a revolutionary condition, the seat having seceded. The Cincinnati Gazette of the 14th instant reports that I have been promoted. Thanks. February, 20 We learn from a reliable source that Nashville has been evacuated. The enemy is said to be concentrating at Murfreesboro, twenty or thirty miles beyond. The river has risen fifteen feet, and many of our teams are still on the other side. The water swelled so rapidly that two teams of six mules each, parked on the river bank last night so as to be in readiness to cross on the ferry this morning, were swept away. Captain Mitchell returned this evening from a trip North. We are glad to have him back again. February, 21 Hear that Fort Donelson has been taken after a terrible fight, and ten thous
d of General Dumont, started for Lavergne, a village eleven miles out on the Murfreesboro road, to look after a regiment of cavalry said to be in occupation of the plge of the train, and eighty-three horses, and started on a by-road back for Murfreesboro. General Mitchell immediately dispatched Kennett in pursuit. About fifteen, but I fear now the money will never be repaid. March, 18 Started for Murfreesboro. The day is beautiful and the regiment marches well. Encamped for the nigh run away from your masters? Oh, no, massa; dey is gone, too. Reached Murfreesboro in the afternoon. March, 22 Men at work rebuilding the railroad bridgenes, the birds sing, and the air stirs pleasantly. The colored people of Murfreesboro pour out in great numbers on Sunday evenings to witness dress parade, some oport flounces and the men canes. Many are nearly white, and all slaves. Murfreesboro is an aristocratic town. Many of the citizens have as fine carriages as are