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The Daily Dispatch: October 7, 1861., [Electronic resource], Privateering — its history, law, and Usage. (search)
gns, did not exist at that period. The ordinance of Charles VI. of France, issued 7th December, 1400, is said to be the first which distinctly confines this right to the sovereign. From this, and other documents it is made probable that the practice of issuing letters of marque to private subjects in time of war dates from the 15th century, and that to the French is due the distinction of first sending out, in any considerable force, these "militia of the seas." In 1570 the Prince of Orange issued letters of mark and reprisal to cruise against the vessels of Spain. A large fleet was sent to sea under these commissions, which committed great depredations, not only to the commerce of Spain and the Netherlands, but likewise on the vessels of neutral nations, not unfrequently including those of their own flag. Philip II. of Spain, De Thon informs us, prior to the declaration of war between England and Spain in 1586, seized and confiscated the goods of English merchants, which in