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vil History. Change of government in England. Cromwell desires to colonize Jamaica, and employs Daniel Gookin as special agent. letters from Gookin to Secretary Thurloe. death of Cromwell. Whalley and Goffe, two of the late King's judges, visit Cambridge. fragment of Goffe's Journal. the General Court appoints a Committege this affair. Having received his instructions, he returned to New England and devoted himself earnestly to his appointed task. Several of his letters to Secretary Thurloe concerning this mission are printed in Thurloe's State Papers. In the first, dated Jan. 21, 1655-6, he announces his recent arrival at Boston, after ten weeThurloe's State Papers. In the first, dated Jan. 21, 1655-6, he announces his recent arrival at Boston, after ten weekes of an exercising passage from the Isle of Wight. Vol. IV., p. 440. At a later period, he mentions in detail some of his labors, and hopes, and discouragements, reminding the secretary that he undertook the work with some misgivings. This letter may deserve insertion:— Right Honorable. Since my arrival in New England
w, 170. Stowell, 288. Stratton, 292. Stutson, 331. Sullivan, 199, 422. Swan, 59, 76 181. Sweetser, 336. Swindell, 320. Sweetman, 59, 75, 402. Symonds, 69, 77, 444. Tailer, 403. Talcott, 11, 12, 21, 32, 9, 175, 233, 54. Tanner, 440. Taylor, 58, 75, 272, 3, 328, 30, 8. Temple, 307, 10. Thacher, 132. Thatcher, 55, 133, 43, 70, 85, 292, 375, 407-9, 21, 8. Thayer, 177, 331. Thompson, 226. Thoms, 342. Thorndike, 186. Thornton, 370. Thurloe, 64. Thurston, 334. Tidd, 121. Tilton, 78, 326. Timlow, 327. Tirrell, 320, Tomlins, 33. Torrey, 351. Touteville, 258. Towne, 36, 41, 59, 75, 255, 7, 364, 73. Townley, 324. Townsend, 126, 208, 403. Tracy, 170. Trafton, 330. Train, 208. Tray, 391. Trevett, 419. Trowbridge, 81, 92, 133, 5, 214, 92, 375. Truesdale, 81. Trulan, 433. Trumbull, 31, 440. Tufts, 292, 315. Tupper, 321. Turell, 294. Turner, 287. Twining, 325.
the country as a province of their native land. Ribault determined to leave a colony; twenty-six composed the whole party, which was to keep possession of the continent. Fort Charles, the Carolina, Munitionem Carolinam, de regis nomine dictum. De Thou, l XLIV. 531, edition of 1626. so called in honor of Charles IX. of France, first gave a name to the country, a century before it was occupied by the English. The name remained, though the early colony perished. Hening, i. 552; and Thurloe, II. 273, 274. Ribault and the ships arrived safely in France. But July 20. the fires of civil war had been kindled in all the provinces of the kingdom; and the promised reinforcements for Carolina were never levied. The situation of the French became precarious. The natives were friendly; but the soldiers themselves were insubordinate; and dissensions prevailed. The commandant at Carolina repressed the turbulent spirit with arbitrary cruelty, and lost his life in a mutiny which hi
arly equal numbers beneath a temperate zone. Who could foretell the issue? The negro race, from the first, was regarded with disgust, and its union with the whites forbidden under ignominious penalties. Hening, i. 146. For many years, the Dutch were principally concerned in the slave-trade in the market of Virginia; the immediate demand for laborers may, in part, have blinded the eyes of the planters to the ultimate evils of slavery, This may be inferred from a paper on Virginia, in Thurloe, v. 81, or Hazard, i. 601. though the laws of the colony, at a very early period Chap. V} discouraged its increase by a special tax upon female slaves. Hening, II. 84, Act LIV. March, 1662. The statute implies, that the rule already existed. If Wyatt, on his arrival in Virginia, found the evil 1621 of negro slavery engrafted on the social system, he brought with him the memorable ordinance, on which the fabric of colonial liberty was to rest, and which was interpreted by his inst
de not simply from a zeal for Protestantism, was to secure him Bremen, and Elsmore, 1657 and Dantzig, as his reward. Thurloe, VI. 478. Heeren's Works, i. 158. In the West Indies, his commanders planned the capture of Jamaica, which 1655 succee In case of resistance, the cruelties of war were threatened. Let the reader consult the instructions themselves, in Thurloe, i. 197, 198, or in Hazard, i. 556—558, rather than the commentary of Chalmers. If Virginia would but adhere to the comm, after the treaty of peace, the trade was considered contraband, the English restrictions were entirely disregarded. Thurloe, v. 80. Hazard, i. 599—602. A remonstrance, addressed to Cromwell, demanded an 1656. unlimited liberty; and we may supof authority. Hammond's Leah and Rachel, p. 15. The country felt itself honored by those who were Virginians born; Thurloe, II. 274. and emigrants never again desired to live in England. Hammond, 8. Prosperity advanced with freedom; dreams
stablishments, not only on Kent Island, then within the Old Dominion, but also near the mouth of the Susquehannah. Hazard, i. 430. Relation of Maryland, 34. Thurloe, v. 486. Hazard, i. 630. Maryland Papers, in Chalmers, 233.Thus the Chap. VII.} colony of Virginia anticipated the extension of its commerce and its limits; andhority were designed. Langford, 6 and 7. Yet the commissioners were in- 1651 Sept. structed to reduce all the plantations within the Bay of the Chesapeake; Thurloe, i. 198. Hazard, i. 557. Hammond, 20, 21. and it must be allowed, that Clayborne might find in the ambiguous phrase, intend- 1652 ed perhaps, to include only taltimore; on the other, he protected his own political partisans, corresponded with his commissioners, and expressed no displeasure at their exercise of power. Thurloe, i. 724, and IV. 55. Hazard, i. 594, quotes but one of the rescripts. Hammond, 24. The right to the jurisdiction of Maryland remained, Chap. VII.} therefore,
he only way in which it could be done, by wielding against their bigotry the great conception of the age, the doctrine of Roger Williams and Descartes, freedom of conscience. Approbation, said he, as I believe, with sincerity of conviction, is an act of conveniency, not of necessity. Does a man speak foolishly? suffer him gladly, for ye are wise. Does he speak erroneously? stop such a man's mouth with sound words, that cannot be gainsaid. Does he speak truly? rejoice in the truth. Thurloe, i. 161 To win the royalists, he obtained an act of amnesty, a pledge of future favor to such of them as would submit. He courted the nation by exciting and gratifying national pride, by able negotiations, by victory and conquest. He sought to enlist in his favor the religious sympathies and enthusiasm of the people, by assuming for England a guardianship over the interests of Protestant Christendom, and burying all the mutual antipathies of sects in one common burning hatred against the
twenty years, &c. Had Williamson for his opinion other grounds than this act, which, however, does not sustain his statement? He cites no authority. Exploring parties to the south not less than to the west, to Southern Virginia, or Carolina, Thurloe, II. 273, 274. Hening, i. 552. the early name, which had been retained in the days of Charles I. and of Cromwell, and which was renewed under Charles II., Compare Carolina, by T. A 1682, p. 3. continued to be encouraged by similar giants. Clayborne, Hening, i. 377. the early trader in Maryland, 1652 still cherished a fondness for discovery; and the sons of Governor Yeardley Thurloe, II. 273, 274. Letter of Francis Yeardley to John Farrar. wrote to England with exultation, that the northern country of Carolina had been explored by Virginians born. We are not left to conjecture, who of the inhabit- Chap. XIII.} ants of Nansemund of that day first traversed the intervening forests and came upon the rivers that flow into
he Spanish army. "Nothing," says an English and Protestant author, "can show more strongly the light in which the Irish were held by Cromwell than the correspondence with Henry Cromwell respecting the peopling of Jamaica from Ireland. Secretary Thurloe sends to Henry, the Lord- Deputy in Ireland, to inform him that 'a stock of Irish girls and Irish young men are wanted for the peopling of Jamaica.'" The answer of Henry Cromwell is as follows: "Concerning the supply of young men, althve-mentioned. We can well spare them; and who knows that it may be the means of making them Englishmen — I mean, rather, Christians. As for the girls, I suppose you will make provisions of clothes and other accommodations for them." Upon this, Thurloe informs Henry Cromwell that the Council have voted four thousand girls, and as many boys, to go to Jamaica." Every-Catholic priest found in Ireland was hanged, and five pounds paid to the informer. "About the year 1652, and 1653," says