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Pliny the Elder, The Natural History (ed. John Bostock, M.D., F.R.S., H.T. Riley, Esq., B.A.), BOOK III. AN ACCOUNT OF COUNTRIES, NATIONS, SEAS, TOWNS, HAVENS, MOUNTAINS, RIVERS, DISTANCES, AND PEOPLES WHO NOW EXIST OR FORMERLY EXISTED., CHAP. 20. (15.)—THE EIGHTH REGION OF ITALY; THE PADUS. (search)
ght for its sinuosities; and it receives from the Apennines and Alps not only several navigable rivers, but immense lakes as well, which discharge themselves into its waters, thus conveying altogether as many as thirty streams into the Adriatic Sea. Of these the best known are the following—flowing from the range of the Apennines, the Jactus, the TanarusThe Tanarus is still called the Tanaro. The Trebia, now the Trebbia, is memorable for the defeat on its banks of the Romans by Hannibal, B.C. 218. The Incia is the modern Enza or Lenza, the Tarus the Taro, the Gabellus the Secchia, the Scultenna the Panaro, and the Rhenus the Reno., the Trebia which passes Placentia, the Tarus, the Incia, the Gabellus, the Scultenna, and the Rhenus: from the chain of the Alps, the SturaThe Stura still has the same name; the Orgus is the modern Orco. The streams called Duriæ are known as the Dora Baltea and the Dora Riparia; the Sessites is the Sesia, the Ticinus the Tessino, the Lambrus the Lambro, the
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 21 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.), chapter 6 (search)
ighbour to the Saguntines at XXIV. lii. 11, and —there called Turduli —at XXVIII. xxxix. 8. Now when the side of the Turdetani was espoused by the same man who had sowed the quarrel, and it was clearly seen that he was aiming not at arbitration but force, the Saguntines sent ambassadors to Rome, imploring help for a war that was now indubitably imminent. The Roman consuls at that time were Publius Cornelius Scipio and Tiberius Sempronius Longus.These were the consuls of 218 B.C., but the siege of Saguntum took place in 219. Livy now returns to —and follows until he has finished the story of the siege in chap. xv. § 1 —the source he had used for the opening chapters of this hook. Coelius —if he it was —so telescoped events as to make the attack on Saguntum follow immediately on the appointment of Hannibal, and the war with Rome begin in that same year. In chap. xv. Livy becomes aware of the discrepancy and endeavours to dispose of it. After introducing the amb
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 22 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.), chapter 22 (search)
Such was the position of affairs in Spain when Publius Scipio came into the province.Scipio had been appointed when consul (218 B.C.) to take command of the Roman forces destined for Spain (XXX. lx. 1 and Polyb. III. xcvii. 2). The senate had prolonged his command after the consulship and had sent him out with thirtyPolybius says twenty (ibid.). men-ofwar and eight thousand soldiers and a great convoy of supplies. This fleet, which the number of cargo-vessels swelled to an enormous size, caused great rejoicing amongst the Romans and their allies, when it was made out in the offing and standing in dropped anchor in the harbour of Tarraco. There Scipio disembarked his troops and set out to joinB.C. 217 his brother; and from that time forward they carried on the war with perfect harmony of temper and of purpose. Accordingly, while the Carthaginians were taken up with the Celtiberian campaign, they lost no time in crossing the Ebro, and seeing nothing of any enemy,
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 22 (ed. Benjamin Oliver Foster, Ph.D.), chapter 30 (search)
urned into one of rejoicing. In Rome, when the report of this affair came in, and was later confirmed by letters not only from both commanders, but from the soldiers generally in both armies, all men joined in lauding Maximus to the skies. With Hannibal and the hostile Phoenicians his renown was equally great; then for the first time they realized that they were fighting with Romans and in Italy. For during the past two yearsThe battle on the Ticinus had been fought in the autumn of 218 B.C., and it was now late in the year 217, but the war had already lasted through two campaigns. they had so despised the Roman generals and soldiers that they could hardly believe that they were at war with the same nation as that of which they had heard such terrifying stories from their fathers. And Hannibal is said to have remarked, as he was returning from the field, that at last that cloud which had long been hovering about the mountain-tops had broken in a storm of rain.
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 23 (ed. Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University), chapter 37 (search)
is men inside the walls. On the next day Hannibal, supposing that the consul, elated by success, would engage in a regular battle, drew up his line between the camp and the city. But on seeing that no one stirred from the usualB.C. 215 defence of the city and that nothing was entrusted to a rash hope, he returned with nothing accomplished to Tifata. At the same time that the siege of Cumae was raised, Tiberius Sempronius, surnamed Longus,This Sempronius was consul with P. Scipio in 218 B.C., and defeated by Hannibal at the Trebia; XXI. vi. 3 and liv ff. also fought successfully in Lucania, near Grumentum, with Hanno the Carthaginian. He slew above two thousand men, and captured two hundred and eighty soldiers and some forty-one military standards. Driven out of Lucanian territory, Hanno withdrew into the land of the Bruttians. And three towns of the Hirpini, Vercellium, Vescellium and Sicilinum, which had revolted from the Roman people, were forcibly recovered by Mar
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 26 (ed. Frank Gardner Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University), chapter 8 (search)
beaten back from Capua should have conceived the hope of capturing the city of Rome! it was not to besiege Rome that he was onB.C. 211 the march, but to raise the siege of Capua. as for Rome, Jupiter, witness of the treaties broken by Hannibal, and the other gods would defend her with the aid of the army stationed at the city. these conflicting motions were defeated by the compromise of Publius Valerius Flaccus,Consul 227 B.C.; ambassador to Hannibal at Saguntum, and to Carthage 218 B.C.; XXI. vi. 8. who, mindful of both situations, proposed that they write to the generals at Capua, informing them what forces there were to defend the city; on the other hand, what forces Hannibal was taking with him or how large an army was needed for the siege of Capua they themselves knew. if one of the two generals and a part of the army could be sent to Rome, provided Capua should be duly besieged by the general and army remaining, then let Claudius and Fulvius arrange betwee
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 30 (ed. Frank Gardener Moore, Professor Emeritus in Columbia University), chapter 27 (search)
to Rome. The city praetorship fell to Gaius Aurelius Cotta. For the rest of the praetorsI.e. Lucretius at Genua, in Sardinia Publius Lentulus, in Spain Lucius Lentulus and Manlius Acidinus (these two as proconsuls); cf. i. 9 f.; ii. 7; XXIX. xiii. 7. their commands were continued just as they then held their several provinces and armies. With no more than sixteen legionsCompared with 20 in the previous year; ii. 7. The maximum had been 25 in 212-211 B.C. In the first year of the war (218 B.C.) the number was only 6. The average number in the next three years was 12.7; in following eight years, 22.5 (214-207 B.C.); in the last six years, 17-8 (206-201 B.C.). Cf. De Sanctis' table, p. 633; C.A.H. VIII. 104. the empire was defended that year. And that they might beginB.C. 202 everything and carry it on with the favour of the gods, inasmuch as in the consulship of Marcus Claudius Marcellus and Titus Quinctius the dictator Titus Manlius had vowed gamesCf. p. 373, n. 1. and full
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 31 (ed. Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. Professor of Latin and Head of the Department of Classics in the University of Pittsburgh), chapter 10 (search)
ughts of all were concentratedB.C. 200 on the Macedonian war and fearful of nothing less at the moment, news came of an uprising in Gaul. The Insubres, the Cenomani, and the Boi had roused the Celines, the Ilvates and the other Ligustini, and these tribes, under the leadership of Hamilcar the Carthaginian, who had remained in that region, a survivor of Hasdrubal's army, had attacked Placentia.The Latin colonies of Placentia and Cremona, in the valley of the Po, had been established in 218 B.C. to aid in subjugating and holding Cisalpine Gaul. After plundering the city and burning most of it in their fury, they had left barely two thousand men alive among the flames and ruins, and then had crossed the Po and gone to destroy Cremona. The news of the disaster to the neighbouring city gave the colonists time to close the gates and man the walls, so that, in spite of these measures, a siege began before the town was assaulted and before they could send messengers to the Ro
Titus Livius (Livy), The History of Rome, Book 33 (ed. Evan T. Sage, Ph.D. Professor of Latin and Head of the Department of Classics in the University of Pittsburgh), chapter 24 (search)
ef, to the effect that the king promised to do whatever the senate should have ordered. In the traditional manner, a commission of ten was created, with whose advice Titus Quinctius the commander should determine the conditions of peace for Philip, and a clause was added, providing that Publius Sulpicius and Publius Villius, who as consuls had held the province of Macedonia, should be members of the commission. The people of CosaA similar request from them in 199 B.C. was denied (XXXII. ii. 7). at this time requested that the number of their colonists be increased; one thousand were ordered to be enrolled, with the proviso that no one should be included in the number who had been engaged in hostilities against the state since the consulship of Publius Cornelius and Tiberius Sempronius.The purpose of this is to exclude the Latins who had revolted during the Second Punic War. Cornelius and Sempronius were consuls in 218 B.C., the first year of that war.
Samuel Ball Platner, Thomas Ashby, A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, CONCORDIA, AEDES (search)
CONCORDIA, AEDES a temple to Concord on the arx, vowed probably by the praetor L. Manlius in 218 B.C. after he had quelled a mutiny among his troops in Cisalpine Gaul (Liv. xxii. 33. 7; cf. xxvi. 23. 4). It was begun in 217 and dedicated on 5th February, 216 (Liv. xxiii. 21. 7; Hemerol. Praen. ad Non. Feb., Concordiae in Arce ; For the discovery of this fragment of the Fasti Praenestini, see DAP 2. xv. 330. CIL i 2. p. 233, 309; Fast. Ant. ap. NS 1921, 86, Concordiae in Capitolio; Hermes 1875, 288; Jord. i. 2. 112). It was probably on the east side of the arx, and overlooked the great temple of Concord below.
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