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Menes (*Me/nhs), a citizen of Pella, son of Dionysius, was one of the officers of Alexander the Great; and after the battle of Issus (B. C. 333) was admitted by the king into the number of his body-guards, in the room of Balacrus, who was promoted to the satrapy of Cilicia. In B. C. 331, after Alexander had occupied Susa, he sent Menes down to the Mediterranean to take the government of Syria, Phoenicia, and Cilicia, entrusting him at the same time with 3000 talents, a portion of which he was to transmit to Antipater for his war with the Lacedaemonians and the other confederate states of Greece. Apollodorus of Amphipolis was joined with him in this command. (Arr. Anab. 2.12, 3.16; Diod. 17.64; Curt. 5.1; Freinsh. ad loc.) [E.
Mithre'nes (*Miqrh/nhs) or MITHRI'NES (*Miqri/nhs), commander of the Persian force which garrisoned the citadel of Sardes. After the battle of the Granicus (B. C. 334) Mithrines surrendered voluntarily to Alexander, and was treated by him with great distinction. After the battle of Gaugamela (B. C. 331) Alexander appointed him satrap of Armenia. (Arrian, 1.17, 3.16.) [C.P.
Nico'creon (*Nikokre/wn), 1. King of Salamis in Cyprus, at the time of Alexander's expedition into Asia. He submitted to the conqueror in common with the other princes of Cyprus, without opposition; and in B. C. 331, after the return of Alexander from Egypt, repaired to Tyre to pay homage to that monarch, where he distinguished himself by the magnificence which he displayed in furnishing the theatrical exhibitions. (Plut. Alex. 29.) After the death of Alexander he took part with Ptolemy against Antigonus, and in B. C. 315, we find him actively co-operating with Seleucus and Menelaus, the generals of Ptolemy, in effecting the reduction of those cities of Cyprus which had espoused the opposite cause. In return for these services he subsequently obtained from Ptolemy the territories of Citium, Lapethus, Ceryneia, and Marion, in addition to his own, and was entrusted with the chief command over the whole island. (Diod. 19.59, 62, 79.) We know nothing of the fortunes of Nicocreon after th
Oxathres 3. Son of Abulites, the satrap of Susiana under Dareius Codomannus, commanded the contingent furnished by his father to Dareius at the battle of Arbela, B. C. 331. On the approach of Alexander to Susa, Oxathres was sent to meet him and bear the submission of Abulites : he was favourably received, and soon after appointed to the government of Paraetacene, which he held until the return of Alexander from India, when he was put to death by the king for maladministration of his province. According to Plutarch, Alexander slew him with his own hand. (Arr. Anab. 3.8, 16, 19, 7.4; Curt. 5.2.8; Diod. 17.65; Plut. Alex. 68.)
Panta'leon 3. A Macedonian of Pydna, an officer in the service of Alexander, who was appointed by him governor of Memphis, B. C. 331. (Arr. Anab. 3.5.4.)
ether false. On the contrary, many of the king's greatest successes were achieved in direct opposition to the advice of Parmenion; and it is evident that the prudent and cautions character of the old general rendered him incapable of appreciating the daring genius of his young leader, which carried with it the assurance of its own success. Had Alexander uniformly followed the advice of Parmenion, it is clear that he would never have conquered Asia. (See Arrian, Arr. Anab. 1.13, 2.25; Plut. Alex. 16, 29, Apophth. p. 110b.; Diod. 17.16, 54.) Three sons of Parmenion had accompanied their father to Asia; of these the youngest, Hector, was accidentally drowned in the Nile, B. C. 331. (Curt. 4.8.7.) Nicanor was carried off by a sudden illness on the march into Hyrcania, and Philotas was put to death just before his father. We find also two of his daughters mentioned as married, the one to Attalus, the uncle of Cleopatra, the other to the Macedonian officer, Coenus. (Curt. 6.9. §§ 17, 30
Pasi'crates (*Pasikra/ths), prince of Soli in Cyprus, was one of those who submitted to Alexander, and repaired in person to meet the conqueror at Tyre, in B. C. 331, on which occasion he took a prominent part in the festivities and theatrical entertainments then celebrated on a scale of unparalleled magnificence. (Plut. Alex. 29.) His son Nicocles accompanied the king throughout his campaigns in Asia. (Arrian Ind. 18.) He was succeeded by Eunostus, probably before B. C. 315. (See Athen. 13.576e.; Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. p. 339, n.) [E.H.
Peucestas (*Pe/stas). 1. Son of Macartatus, a Macedonian officer in the service of Alexander, who was appointed by the king to command mand the troops left in Egypt, B. C. 331. (Arr. Anab. 5.6; Curt. 4.8.4
Philo'tas 5. A Macedonian officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who commanded one taxis or division of the phalanx during the advance into Sogdiana and India. (Arr. Anab. 3.29, 4.24.) It seems probable that he is the same person mentined by Curtius (5.2.5), as. one of those rewarded by the king at Babylon (B. C. 331) for their distinguished services. There is little doubt also, that he is the same to whom the government of Cilicia was assigned in the distribution of the provinces after the death of Alexander, B. C. 323 (Arrian apud Phot. p. 69a; D>exippus, ibid. p. 64a; Curt. 10.10.2; Just. 13.4; Diod. 18.3; who, however, in a subsequent passage (ib. 12), appears to speak of him as holding the lesser Phrygia, which was in fact given to Leonnatus. See Droysen, Hellenism. vol. i. p. 68, note). In B. C. 321, he was deprived of his government by Perdieccas and replaced by Philoxenus, but it would seem that this was only in order to employ him elsewhere, as we find him still clo
Philo'xenus (*Filo/cenos), a Macedonian officer in the service of Alexander the Great, who was appointed by him after his return from Egypt (B. C. 331) to superintend the collection of the tribute in the provinces north of Mount Taurus (Arr. Anab. 3.6.6). It would appear, however, that he did not immediately assume this command, as shortly afterwards we find him sent forward by Alexander from the field of Arbela to take possession of Susa and the treasures there deposited, which he effected without opposition (Id. 3.16.9). After this he seems to have remained quietly in the discharge of his functions in Asia Minor (see Plut. Alex. 22; Paus. 2.33.4), until the commencement of the year 323, when he conducted a reinforcement of troops from Caria to Babylon, where he arrived just before the last illness of Alexander (Id. 7.23, 24). In the distribution of the provinces which followed the death of that monarch we find no mention of Philoxenus, but in B. C. 321 he was appointed by Perdiccas
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