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A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), La'machus (search)
La'machus （*La/maxos), son of Xenophanes, in the 8th year of the Peloponnesian war, B. C. 424, with a detachment of 10 ships from the tribute-collecting squadron, sailed into the Euxine; and coming to harbour at the mouth of the Calex, near Heracleia, had his ships destroyed by a sudden flood. He succeeded in making his way by land to Chalcedon. (Thuc. 4.75.) His name recurs in the signatures to the treaties of B. C. 421. And in the 17th year B. C. 415 he appears as colleague of Alcibiades and Nicias, in the great Sicilian expedition. In the consultation held at Egesta on their first arrival, in which Nicias proposed a return to Athens and Alcibiades negotiation, Lamachus, while preferring of these two plans the latter, urged, as his own judgment, an immediate attack on Syracuse, and the occupation of Megara, as the base for future attempts, advice which in him may have been prompted less by counsel than courage, but which undoubtedly was the wisest, and would almost certainly have b
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Menon (search)
arsalus in Thessaly, who aided the Athenians at Eion with 12 talents and 200 horsemen, raised by himself from his own penestae, and was rewarded by them for these services with the freedom of the city. (Dem. c. Arist. pp. 686, 687; Pseudo-Dem. peri\ dunta/cews, p. 173; Wolf, Proleg. ad Dem. c. Lept. p. 74.) By some this Menon has been identified with the Pharsalian who commanded the troops sent from his native city to the aid of the Athenians in the first year of the Peloponnesian war, B. C. 431; while the above-mentioned assistance at Eion is referred by them to the eighth year of the same war, B. C. 424. (Thuc. 2.22, 4.102, &c.; Gedik. ad Plat. Men. p. 70.) Perhaps, however, the service may have been rendered at the siege of Eion by Cimon in B. C. 476; and in that case the Menon alluded to by Demosthenes may have been the father of the leader of Thessalian cavalry mentioned by Thucydides in B. C. 431 (Hdt. 7.107; Plut. Cim. 7; Paus. 8.8; Thirlwall's Greece, vol. iii. p. 3.) [BOGES.]
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Ni'cias (search)
ever, having been left behind, whom the Athenians had not been able to find at the time, Nicias resigned the honours of victory for the purpose of recovering them, and sent a herald to ask for their restoration. He then proceeded to Crommyon, where he ravaged the land, and then directed his course to the territory of Epidaurus. Having carried a wall across the isthmus connecting Methone with the main land, and left a garrison in the place, he returned home. (Thuc. 4.42-45; Diod. 12.65.) In B. C. 424, with two colleagues, he led an expedition to the coasts of Laconia and captured the island of Cythera, a success gained with the greater facility, as he had previously had negotiations with some of the Cytherians. He stationed an Athenian garrison in the island, and ravaged the coast of Laconia for seven days. On his return he ravaged the territory of Epidaurus in Laconia, and took Thyrea, where the Spartans had settled the Aeginetans after their expulsion from their own island. These Aeg
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Nico'stratus (search)
idas arrived. The democratical party were thrown into consternation. The Athenian squadron set out in good order to meet the enemy, and skilfully sustained the attack of thirty-three vessels of the Peloponnesian fleet; and Nicostratus was beginning to repeat the manoeuvres of Phormio, which had been attended with such success off Naupactus, when the remaining part of the fleet, having routed the Corcyraeans, advanced against the Athenians, who were compelled to retire. (Thuc. 3.75, &c.) In B. C. 424, Nicostratus was one of the colleagues of Nicias in the expedition in which Cythera was taken. (Thuc. 4.53, &c.) He was one of the Athenians who took the oaths to the year's truce concluded between Sparta and Athens (Thuc. 4.119); and later in the same year was the colleague of Nicias in the expedition to Chalcidice [NICIAS]. (Thuc. 4.129, 130). In B. C. 418, Nicostratus and Laches led a body of 1000 heavy-armed soldiers and 300 cavalry to Argos, accompanied by Alcibiades as ambassador. Th
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Pagondas (search)
Pagondas 3. A native of Thebes, the son of Aeoladas. He was one of the Boeotarchs in the year B. C. 424, when the Athenian expedition to Delium took place. After the fortification of Delium the Athenian troops received orders to return, and the light troops proceeded without stopping to Attica. The heavy-armed infantry halted a short distance from Delium to wait for the Athenian general Hippocrates. Meantime the Boeotian forces had assembled at Tanagra. Sost of the Boeotarchs were unwilling to attack the Athenians. But Pagondas, who was one of the two Theban Boeotarchs, and was commander-in-chief of the Boeotian forces, wishing that the chance of a battle should be tried, by an appeal to the several divisions of the army persuaded the troops to adopt his views. His harangue is reported by Thucydides (4.92). The day being far advanced, he led the main body of his troops at full speed to meet the Athenians, despatching one portion to keep in check the cavalry stationed by Hippocrates a
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Parysatis or Parysatis Ochus (search)
Parysatis or Parysatis Ochus 1. Daughter of Artaxerxes I. Longimanus, king of Persia, was given by her father in marriage to her own brother Dareius, surnamed Ochus, who in B. C. 424 succeeded Xerxes II. on the throne of Persia. (Ctes. Pers. 44, ed. Baehr.) The feeble character of Dareius threw the chief power into the hands of Parysatis; whose administration was little else than a series of murders. It was at her express instigation that Dareius put to death his two brothers Sogdianus and Arsites, as well as Artuphius and Artoxares, the chief eunuch. All the family of Stateira, who was married to her son Artaxerxes, were in like manner sacrificed to her jealousy, and she was with difficulty induced to spare the life of Stateira herself. (Id. ib. 48-56.) She had been the mother of no less than thirteen children, of whom four only grew up to manhood. The eldest of these, Arsaces, who afterwards assumed the name of Artaxerxes, was born before Dareius had obtained the sovereign power,
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), (search)
, to return home. Seuthes, the nephew of the Thracian king, who had been secretly gained over by Perdiccas, was mainly instrumental in bringing about this resolution, in reward for which service Perdiccas gave him his sister Stratonice in marriage. (Thuc. 2.95-101; Diod. 12.50, 51.) From this time we hear no more of the proceedings of Perdiccas for some years, but he appears to have continued always on hosthe terms with Athens, and it was in great part at his instigation that Brasidas in B. C. 424 set out on his celebrated expedition to Macedonia and Thrace. (Thuc. 4.79.) Immediately on the arrival of the Spartan general, Perdiccas made use of his new auxiliary to prosecute a private quarrel of his own with Arrhibaeus, prince of Lyncestis. But Brasidas, though he at first joined his forces with those of the Macedonian king, interposed rather as a mediator than an auxiliary, and soon concluded a treaty with Arrhibaeus, by which proceeding he so much offended Perdiccas, that the latte
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'nides (search)
the distribution of subjects in the last clause agrees neither with the testimony already cited, nor with the information which we derive from the Didascaliae, as to the plays which were assigned respectively to Philonides and Callistratus. From the Didascaliae and other testimonies, we find that the Babylonians (B. C. 426) and the Acharnians (B. C. 425) were also brought out in the name of Callistratus; and that the first play which Aristophanes exhibited in his own name was the Knights, B. C. 424 (e)dida/xqh....di' au)tou= tou= *)Aristofa/nous, Didasc.). And hence the notion has been hastily adopted, that he henceforth continued to exhibit in his own name, until towards the close of his life, when he allowed Araros to bring out his plays. But, on the contrary, we find from the Didascaliae that he brought out the Birds (B. C. 414) and the Lysistrata (B. C. 411) in the name of Callistratus (dia\ kallistra/tou). Thus far the testimonies quoted have only referred to Philonides in gen
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'xenus (search)
involves some difficulties; he states that, when the Cythereans were reduced to slavery by the Lacedaemonians, Philoxenus was bought by a certainly Agesylas, by whom he was brought up, and was called *Mu/rmhc : and that, after the death of Agesylas, he was bought by the lyric poet Melanippides, by whom he was also educated. Now there is no record of the Lacedaemonians having reduced the Cythereans to slavery; but we know that the island was seized by an Athenian expedition under Nicias, in B. C. 424 (Thuc. 4.53, 54; Diod. 12.65; Plut. Nic. 6); and therefore some critics propose to read *)Aqhnai/wn for *Lakedaimoni/wn(Meineke, Fragm. Com. Graec. vol. iv. p. 635). This solution is not quite satisfactory, and another, of much ingenuity, is proposed by Schmlidt (Dithyramb. pp. 5. 6); but it is not worth while here to discuss the question further, since the only important part of the statement, namely, that Philoxenus was really a slave in his youth, is quite sustained by other testimonies
A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith), Philo'xenus (search)
involves some difficulties; he states that, when the Cythereans were reduced to slavery by the Lacedaemonians, Philoxenus was bought by a certainly Agesylas, by whom he was brought up, and was called *Mu/rmhc : and that, after the death of Agesylas, he was bought by the lyric poet Melanippides, by whom he was also educated. Now there is no record of the Lacedaemonians having reduced the Cythereans to slavery; but we know that the island was seized by an Athenian expedition under Nicias, in B. C. 424 (Thuc. 4.53, 54; Diod. 12.65; Plut. Nic. 6); and therefore some critics propose to read *)Aqhnai/wn for *Lakedaimoni/wn(Meineke, Fragm. Com. Graec. vol. iv. p. 635). This solution is not quite satisfactory, and another, of much ingenuity, is proposed by Schmlidt (Dithyramb. pp. 5. 6); but it is not worth while here to discuss the question further, since the only important part of the statement, namely, that Philoxenus was really a slave in his youth, is quite sustained by other testimonies
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