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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Burke, Edmund, 1730-1797 (search)
d his famous essay on The sublime and beautiful. In 1758-59 he and Dodsley established the Annual Registor; and in 1765 he was made secretary to Premier Rockingham. He entered Parliament in 1766. There he took an active and brilliant part in debates on the American question, and always in favor of the Americans. advocating their cause with rare eloquence. In 1771 he was appointed agent for the colony of New York. He lost some popularity by advocating the claims of the Roman Catholics in 1780, and opposing the policy of repressing the trade of Ireland. During the brief administration of the Rockingham ministry in 1782, he was a member of the privy council and paymaster of the forces. Taking a prominent part in the affairs in India, he began the prosecution of Gov. Warren Hastings early in 1786. His labors in behalf of India in that protracted trial were immense, though the conviction of Hastings was not effected. His great work entitled Reflections on the Revolution in France
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Butler, John, 1776-1794 (search)
Butler, John, 1776-1794 Tory leader; born in Connecticut; was in official communication with the Johnsons in the Mohawk Valley before the Revolutionary War, and was colonel of a militia regiment in Tryon county, N. Y. In 1776 he organized a band of motley marauders — white men and Indians, the former painted and behaving like savages. He was in command of them in the battle of Oriskany (q. v.), and of 1.100 men who desolated the Wyoming Valley in July, 1778. He fought Sullivan in the Indian country in central New York, in 1779, and accompanied Sir John Johnson in his raid on the Schoharie and Mohawk settlements in 1780. After the war, Butler went to Canada, and was rewarded by the British government with places of emolument and a pension. He died in Niagara in 1794. His son, Walter, was a ferocious Tory. and was killed during the wa
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Caldwell, James 1734- (search)
Caldwell, James 1734- Clergyman; born in Charlotte county, Va., in April, 1734. Graduating at Princeton in 1759, he became pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Elizabethtown in 1762. Zealously espousing the revolutionary cause, he was much disliked by the Tories. Appointed chaplain of a New Jersey brigade, he was for a time in the Mohawk Valley. In 1780 his church and residence were burned by a party of British and Tories; and the same year a British incursion from Staten Island pillaged the village of Connecticut Farms, where his family were temporarily residing. A soldier shot his wife through a window while she was sitting on a bed with her babe. At that time Mr. Caldwell was in Washington's camp at Morristown. In the successful defence of Springfield, N. J., June 23, 1780, when the wadding for the soldiers' guns gave out, he brought the hymn-books from the neighboring church and shouted, Now put Watts into them, boys. In an altercation at Elizabethtown Point with an Am
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Campbell, William 1745- (search)
Campbell, William 1745- Military officer; born in Augusta county, Va., in 1745; was in the battle of Point Pleasant, in 1774, and was captain of a Virginia regiment in 1775. Being colonel of Washington county militia in 1780, he marched, with his regiment, 200 miles to the attack of Major Ferguson at King's Mountain (q. v.), where his services gained for him great distinction. So, also, were his prowess and skill conspicuous in the battle at Guilford (q. v.), and he was made a brigadier-general. He assisted Lafayette in opposing Cornwallis in Virginia, and received the command of the light infantry and riflemen, but died a few weeks before the surrender of the British at Yorktown, Aug. 22, 1781.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carlisle, Frederick Howard, fifth earl of (search)
Carlisle, Frederick Howard, fifth earl of Royal commissioner; born in May, 1748; was one of the three commissioners sent on a conciliatory errand to America in 1778; and was lord-lieutenant of Ireland in 1780-82. He died Sept. 4, 1825.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carmichael, William 1776-1795 (search)
Carmichael, William 1776-1795 Diplomatist; born in Maryland, date uncertain; was a man of fortune. He was in Europe in 1776, and assisted Silas Deane in his political and commercial operations in France. He also assisted the American commissioners in Paris. In 1778-80 he was in Congress, and was secretary of legation to Jay's mission to Spain. When the latter left Europe (1782) Carmichael remained as charge d'affaires, and retained the office for several years. In 1792 he was associated with William Short on a commission to negotiate with Spain a treaty concerning the navigation of the Mississippi. Sparks's Diplomatic correspondence contains many of his letters. He died in February, 1795.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carrington, Edward 1749-1810 (search)
Carrington, Edward 1749-1810 Military officer; born in Charlotte county, Va., Feb. 11, 1749; became lieutenant-colonel of a Virginia artillery regiment in 1776; was sent to the South; and was made a prisoner at Charleston in 1780. He was Gates's quartermaster-general in his brief Southern campaign. Carrington prepared the way for Greene to cross the Dan, and was an active and efficient officer in that officer's famous retreat. He commanded the artillery at Hobkirk's Hill, and also at Yorktown. Colonel Carrington was foreman of the jury in the trial of Aaron Burr (q. v). He died in Richmond, Va., Oct. 28, 1810. His brother Paul, born Feb. 24, 1733, became an eminent lawyer; was a member of the House of Burgesses, and voted against Henry's Stamp Act resolutions; but was patriotic, and helped along the cause of independence in an efficient manner. He died in Charlotte county, Va., June 22, 1818.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Carver, Jonathan 1732-1780 (search)
Carver, Jonathan 1732-1780 Traveller; born in Stillwater, Conn., in 1732; served in the French and Indian War, and afterwards attempted to explore the vast region in America which the English had acquired from the French. He penetrated the country to Lake Superior and its shores and tributaries, and, after travelling about 7.000 miles, he returned to Boston, whence he departed in 1766, and sailed for England, to communicate his discoveries to the government, and to petition the King for a reimbursement of his expenses. His Travels were published in 1778. He was badly used in England, and, by utter neglect, was reduced to a state of extreme destitution. He died in London, Jan. 31, 1780.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Cathcart, William Schaw, Earl 1755-1843 (search)
Cathcart, William Schaw, Earl 1755-1843 Military officer; born in Petersham, England, Sept. 17, 1755; joined the British army in June, 1777, and came to the United States; later was aide to Gen. Spencer Wilson and General Clinton, and participated in the siege of Forts Montgomery and Clinton, and in the battles of Brandywine and Monmouth. In May, 1778, during the reception given in honor of Lord Howe, in Philadelphia, he led one section of the knights at the celebrated Mischianza (q. v.). Later he recruited and commanded the Caledonian Volunteers, which subsequently was called Tarleton's Legion. He returned to England in 1780, and was promoted lieutenant-general in 1801. He died in Cartside, Scotland, June 16, 1843.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Channing, William Ellery 1780-1842 (search)
Channing, William Ellery 1780-1842 Clergyman; born in Newport, R. I., April 7, 1780; graduated at Harvard in 1798 with highest honors; was a teacher in a private family in Richmond, Va., for a year afterwards; and, returning in feeble health in 1802, studied theology, and became pastor of the Federal Street Church in Boston, June 1, 1803. All through his laborious life he suffered from ill-health. In 1822 he sought physical improvement by a voyage to Europe, and in 1830 he went to St. Croix, William Ellery Channing W. I., for the same purpose. With a colleague he occasionally officiated in the pulpit until 1840, when he resigned. In August, 1842, he delivered his last public address at Lenox, Mass., in commemoration of the abolition of slavery in the West Indies. Mr. Channing contributed much towards stimulating anti-slavery feeling. He died in Bennington, Vt., Oct. 2, 1842.
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