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it would seem that cold affects it only two ways — it predisposes to the death of tissues, and it kills. In the first case, the part is not more affected than that it is very cold; its temperature is greatly lowered; the contracted blood-vessels allow but little of the vital fluid to pass. At this moment, it seems that but a small increase in the temperature may endanger the life of the part, or even of the whole body. Let us quote again from Baron Larrey. "Towards the end of the winter of 1795-96, when I was with the army of the Eastern Pyranees, we passed suddenly from an extremely intense cold to an elevated temperature. A great number of the soldiers, especially those who were at the siege of Rosas, then had their feet frozen; some advanced sentinels were even found dead at their posts in the first hours of the thaw; and although we had passed fifteen or twenty days under the influence of the severe cold, none of the soldiers of the advanced posts of the siege presented themsel
Secretary of War: Sir: I received your telegram of the 15th, the genuineness of which I doubted. Since that time I have received your communication, mailed the same day, in which I am requested to detach from the militia of the State of Virginia "the quota designated in a table," which you append, "to serve as infantry or riflemen for the period of three months, unless sooner discharged." In reply to this communication, I have only to say, that the Militia of Virginia will not be furnished to the powers at Washington, for any such use or purpose as they have in view. Your object is to subjugate the Southern States, and a requisition made upon me for such an object — an object, in my judgment, not within the purview of the Constitution, or the act of 1795--will not be complied with. You have chosen to inaugurate civil war, and having done so, we will meet it, in a spirit as determined as the Administration has exhibited towards the South. Respectfully, John Letcher.
Fortifications against ships. The Baltimore American gives from high military authority, a detailed history of actions between ships and fortifications, which incontestably establishes the general rule that guns ashore are superior to guns afloat, and that naval expeditions are utterly impotent against a well fortified coast. In 1795 a British expedition was fitted out, at an expense of eight millions of dollars, against Quiberon, a port of the French coast. The bay of Quiberon is pronounced by Brenton, in his British Naval History, "the finest on the coast of France, or perhaps in the world, for landing an army." Moreover, the inhabitants of the country were in open insurrection, and eager to co-operate with the invaders. Ten thousand soldiers were landed and arms furnished to as many more royalist troops, but the combined forces failed in their attack upon the fortifications, and General Hocks, from his entrenchments, with seven thousand men, held in check a body of eigh
Reminiscence of an Indian Massacre. --In going from Lewiston to Niagara Falls, N. Y., the road runs within a few feet of the river bank, where a deep and gloomy chasm is rent or worn out of the rocks. The small stream which crosses the road and falls into the chasm is called the Bloody Run. A correspondent of the Lockport Courier says this name was derived from the following circumstance: In 1795 a detachment of 100 British Regulars, who were conveying provisions in wagons from Fort Niagara to Fort Schlosser, were here surprised by a party of Indians in ambuscade. Many of the soldiers were killed at the first discharge, and the others thrown into hopeless confusion, the Indians fell like tigers upon the drivers, tomahawked them in their seats, and threw them over the precipice. The wagons, with their contents, were backed off into the abyss, and men and cattle fell, with the loading, in one dismembered and mutilated mass below. Some threw themselves from the bank a
ange, much to confirm them since, especially in the secession, within the last thirty days, of Virginia, Arkansas, North Carolina and Tennessee, taking with them four millions and a half of people, immense wealth, inexhanstible resources, five hundred thousand fighting men, and the graves of Washington and Jackson. I shall vote them again. Waiving the question of the doubtful legality of the first proclamation, of April 15th, calling out the militia for "three months," under the act of 1795, I will yet vote to pay them, because they had no motive but supposed duty and patriotism to move them; and, moreover, they will have rendered almost the entire service required of them, before Congress shall meet. But the audacious usurpation of President Lincoln, for which he deserves impeachment, in daring, against the very letter of the Constitution, and without the shadow of law, to "raise and support armies," and to "provide and maintain a navy," for three or five years, by mere Execu
y the act of 1807 you may employ such parts of the land and naval forces as you shall judge necessary for the purpose of causing the laws to be duly executed, in all cases where it is lawful to use the militia for the same purpose. By the act of 1795 the militia may be called forth "whenever the laws of the United States shall be opposed or the execution thereof obstructed in any State by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powerhether the exigency has arisen which requires the use of military force; and in proportion to the magnitude of that responsibility will be his care not to overstep the limits of his legal and just authority. The laws referred to in the act of 1795 are manifestly those which are administered by the judges and executed by the ministerial officers of the courts for the punishment of crime against the United States, for the protection of rights claimed under the Federal Constitution and laws, a
Death of Bishop Cobbs. --The Right Rev. Nicholas H. Cobbs, D. D. Bishop of Alabama, expired at his residence, in Montgomery, on Friday last. The deceased, who was born in Bedford county, Va., in 1795, enjoyed a high reputation as a Christian divine and scholar, and was universally esteemed and beloved — He first entered upon the duties of the priesthood at Richmond, Virginia, in 1825, became Chaplain of the University of Virginia in 1834, and in 1839 was called to the charge of St. Paul's Church, Petersburg, Va. In 1843 he accepted the rectorship of St. Paul's Church, Cincinnati, having in the meanwhile (1842.) been created under circumstances highly honorable to himself, a Doctor of Divinity, by Geneva, Now Hobart College, New York. He was elected to the Episcopate of Alabama in May, 1844, and consecrated to that holy office in October of the same year, at Philadelphia, entering upon its duties immediately after.
The Polish Patriot, Czarteryaki. The death of Adam Czartoryski, a distinguished Polish patriot, at Paris, has been announced. The following brief sketch of his biography is found in a work entitled "Men of Our Time:" "Prince Adam Czartoryski, a distinguished Polish nobleman, was born January 14, 1770. He took an active part in the affairs of his country as early as the period of Kosciusko's attempt to liberate her from Russian domination. After the partition of Poland in 1795, he and his brother were sent to St. Petersburg by command of Catharine II., as hostages. Here Alexander was so charmed with the noble and manly character of the young Pole that he became his intimate friend, and upon his accession to the throne, appointed him Minister of Foreign Affairs, in which post Czartoryski conducted himself with so much prudence that the envy that was at first excited soon gave way. In 1805 he subscribed, in the name of Russia, the treaty with Great Britain. He then demanded
venue averaged about $30,000,000, and the expenditure each year fell short of that amount. (N. B.--Though in the table the values are expressed in pounds, we shall use the equivalent expression in dollars.--We shall use round numbers only. In 1794, the revenue which was $85,000,000, failed to meet the expenditure by $14,000,000, and then began the system of loans. Pitt, however, was much more modest than Abraham, for he only asked a loan of $23,000,000 to cover deficiencies. The next year (1795) no extraordinary taxes having been imposed, the revenue remained nearly stationary, but the expenditure had increased $10,000,000, and $65,000,000 were borrowed to cover the deficiency. In 1796 they had begun to lay on the taxes. The revenue had increased $5,000,000 and the expenses exceeded those of the former year by $85,000,000. It now had reached the sum of $225,000,000, and the Government borrowed $100,000,000 to cover deficiencies and have something to start upon next year.-- Th
The Daily Dispatch: September 23, 1861., [Electronic resource], The distinction between aliens and citizens. (search)
ust been published. It gives the opinion of Chief Justice Pearson, one of the most eminent Judges of the Confederate Courts, upon a subject which is of vast interest to a large number of the residents of the South: [correspondence.] His Honor, Chief Justice Pearson: Having seen the proclamation of the President of the Confederate States, I am desirous of knowing whether I am affected by it, or would be considered a citizen as if a native. I was born in the State of New York in 1795, and in 1820 removed to North Carolina, where I have resided ever since. I married in North Carolina: all my property is here; am an acting Justice of the Peace in Yadkin, and have been for many years, and have held offices of trust and profit under the State, and have repeatedly sworn allegiance to North Carolina. I settled here to remain permanently, and have never altered my intention of remaining. Am I required to do any act under that proclamation? An answer will oblige, Yours, tru
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