Named Entity Results, 1817 AD

Augusta, City and county-seat of Richmond county, Ga.; on the Savannah River at the head of steamboat navigation; 120 miles northwest of Savannah. It is one of the largest and most progressive manufacturing cities in the South. It was founded by English settlers under Oglethorpe, and received the name of an English princess. In 1817 it was incorporated a city, and was for many years the most important inland place in the State. The population in 1890 was 33,300; in 1900, 39,441. When Cornwallis proceeded to subjugate South Carolina, he sent Lieutenant-Colonel Brown, a Tory leader, to hold Augusta. Over this garrison Pickens and Clarke had kept watch, and when, on May 20, 1781, they were joined by Lee and his legion, they proceeded to invest the fort there. They took Fort Galphin, 12 miles below, on the 21st, and then an officer was sent to demand the surrender of Augusta. Lieutenant-Colonel Brown was one of the most cruel of the Tories in that region, and the partisans

Bancroft, George, Historian; horn in Worcester, Mass., Oct. 3, 1800: son of Rev. Aaron Bancroft, a distinguished Unitarian clergyman and pioneer in liberal Christianity. He graduated at Harvard in 1817; studied at the German universities, and received, at Gottingen, the honorary degree of Doctor of Philosophy when he was only twenty years of age. He resided some time in Berlin in the society of distinguished scholars, and on his return home, in 1822, he became a tutor of Greek in Harvard University. He published a volume of poems in 1823. and in 1824 a translation of Heeren's Politics of ancient Grecce. In 1823, in conjunction with J. G. Cogswell, he established the celebrated Round Hill School, at Northampton, Mass. While in the German universities, Mr. Bancroft studied with avidity whatever was taught in them, but made history a specialty. His chief tutors there were Heeren. Eichhorn, and Blumenbach. At Berlin he became intimate with Wilhelm von Humboldt and other eminent

bank, but many, after a struggle more or less prolonged, closed their doors. Of the 246 State banks, with an aggregate capital of about $90,000,000 in 1816, a very large number were compelled to go into liquidation. From 1811 to 1830 165 banks, with a capital of $30.000,000, closed their business, and the loss of the government and of individuals by these banks was estimated at $5,000,000, or one-sixth of their capital. The second United States Bank went into operation in Philadelphia, in 1817, to continue until March, 1836. In it were deposited the funds of the government, the use of which gave the bank great facilities for discounting, and so aiding the commercial community. It soon controlled the monetary affairs of the country; and when General Jackson became President of the United States, in 1829, he expressed his decided hostility to the government bank, as a dangerous institution. He began a war upon it. which ended in its destruction. In his first annual message to Con

definite landmarks. It will assist to a better understanding of the law of 1898, if we note these landmarks. 1. Who may become a bankrupt? 2. What are acts of bankruptcy? 3. What is a preference? 4. When may a discharge be refused? 5. What is the procedure which will prove least expensive and most expeditious? This classification includes two elements born since Blackstone's time. Who May become a bankrupt? The limitation to traders has already been mentioned. Indeed, so late as 1817, in this country, Judge Livingston doubted whether an act of Congress subjecting to such a law every description of persons within the United States would be constitutional. Yet our law of 1841 extended the meaning of the term trader so that, in involuntary bankruptcies, it included bankers, brokers, factors, underwriters and marine insurers. All classes of persons could become bankrupts in England after 1861; and the like broad rule received expression in our law of 1867, with the single e

Barnes, Joseph K., 1817-1883 Medical officer; born in Philadelphia, Pa., July 21, 1817; was appointed an assistant surgeon in the army in 1840; assigned to duty in the office of the surgeon-general in 1861; became surgeon-general in 1863; attended Presidents Lincoln and Garfield; brevetted major-general in 1865. At his suggestion the Army Medical Museum and the Surgeon-General's Library were established. He died in Washington, D. C., April 5, 1883.

Bell, John, -1869 Statesman; born near Nashville, Tenn., Feb. 15, 1797; was graduated at Cumberland College (now the University of Nashville) in 1814, and studied law in Franklin, Tenn. In 1817 he was elected to the State Senate. After the expiration of his term he practised law till 1827, when he was elected to Congress. he served in the House of Representatives till 1841 by re-elections. After abandoning his free-trade views, he became one of the founders of the Whig party (q. v.), and was elected speaker of the House of Representatives in 1834. President Harrison appointed him Secretary of War in 1841, but he resigned with other members of the cabinet (excepting Daniel Webster) when President Tyler left the Whig party. In 1847-59 he was a member of the United States Senate, and in 1860 he was the unsuccessful candidate of the constitutional Union party (q. v.) for President, with Edward Everett for Vice-President. He died in Cumberland, Tenn., Sept. 10, 1869.

Benedict, Lewis, 1817- Military officer; born in Albany, N. Y., Sept. 2, 1817; was a graduate of Williams College; was admitted to the bar in 1841; was surrogate of Albany county in 1848, and member of Assembly in 1861. He entered the military service as lieutenant-colonel of volunteers in 1861; served in the campaign on the Peninsula in 1862; was captured, and confined in Libby and Salisbury prisons several months, and when exchanged was sent to the Department of the Gulf, where he was distinguished for his wisdom and bravery. he served as brigadiergeneral in the Red River campaign, till killed in the battle of Pleasant Hill, La., April 9, 1864.

Benham, Henry W., 1817-1884 Military officer; born in Cheshire, Conn., in 1817; was graduated at West Point, first in his class, in 1837. He served under General Taylor in the war with Mexico, and was wounded in the battle of Buena. Vista. Early in the Civil War he was active in western Virginia, and afterwards on the South Carolina coast. He assisted in the capture of Fort Pulaski; and in 1863-64 he commanded an engineer brigade in the Army of the Potomac. He was brevetted brigadier-ge1817; was graduated at West Point, first in his class, in 1837. He served under General Taylor in the war with Mexico, and was wounded in the battle of Buena. Vista. Early in the Civil War he was active in western Virginia, and afterwards on the South Carolina coast. He assisted in the capture of Fort Pulaski; and in 1863-64 he commanded an engineer brigade in the Army of the Potomac. He was brevetted brigadier-general for services in the campaign ending with the surrender of Lee, and major-general (March, 1865) for meritorious services in the rebellion. He died in New York, June 1, 1884.

Bigelow, John, 1817- Author; born in Malden, John Bigelow. Ulster co., N. Y., Nov. 25, 1817; was graduated at Union College in 1835; and became a lawyer. In 1849-61 he was one of the editors of the New York Evening post. He was United States consul at Paris in 1861-64; minister to France in 1864-67, and secretary of state of New York in 1875-77. He was the biographer and trustee of the late Samuel J. Tilden: and in 1900 was president of the board of trustees of the New York public Library (q. v.). He is author of Molinos the Quictist; France and the Confederate Nary; Life of William Cullen Bryant; Life of Samuel J. Tilden; Some recollections of Edouard Laboulaye; The mystery of sleep, and editor of A life of Franklin; Writings and speeches of Samuel J. Tilden, etc.

Bloomfield, Joseph, 1801-1823 Military officer; born in Woodbridge, N. J.; was a law student when the war for independence broke out, when he was made a captain, and entered the service of the patriots, serving until the end of the war. Then he had attained the rank of major. After the war he was attorney-general of New Jersey: governor in 1801-12: brigadier-general during the War of 1812-15; member of Congress 1817-21; and was always esteemed a sound legislator and a judicious leader. He died in Burlington. N. J., Oct. 3, 1823.