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Benjamnin F. Butler, Butler's Book: Autobiography and Personal Reminiscences of Major-General Benjamin Butler, Chapter 18: why I was relieved from command. (search)
m only attempting to show what military education a man may get passing through a course of study at West Point and graduating with such military accomplishments as will entitle him to a command in the regular army, and which, when war occurs, may be the impelling motives of governors of States in appointing such persons as colonels of their finest regiments of volunteer troops. Now I suppose I may say without offence that I had read before I was twenty-one, starting with the campaigns of Caesar, the history of the military operations of all the principal wars of Europe, and before I went into the army had read critically two histories of the Crimean War, and the most detailed lives and military histories of Napoleon that I could get, and had made examinations of all his military movements, and had read the histories of the wars of our own country until they were nearly as familiar to me as the operations of the campaigns of the armies of the Potomac and James were afterwards. As I
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Calendar. (search)
Calendar. Our present calendar is the creation of Julius Caesar, based on a slight error which in the course of 1,600 years amounted to ten days. Pope Gregory XIII. rectified the calendar in 1582. The Gregorian calendar was accepted ultimately by all civilized nations, with the exception of Russia, which still continues the use of the Julian Calendar. Calhoun, John Caldwell
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Engineering. (search)
ion of American work in such bridges as the Atbara in South Africa, the Gokteik viaduct in Burmah, 320 feet high, and others, was due to low cost, quick delivery and erection, as well as excellence of material and construction. Foundations, etc. Bridges must have foundations for their piers. Up to the middle of the nineteenth century engineers knew no better way of making them than by laying bare the bed of the river by a pumped-out cofferdam, or by driving piles into the sand, as Julius Caesar did. About the middle of the century, M. Triger, a French engineer, conceived the first plan of a pneumatic foundation, which led to the present system of compressing air by pumping it into an inverted box, called a caisson, with air locks on top to enable men and materials to go in and out. After the soft materials were removed, and the caisson sunk by its own weight to the proper depth, it was filled with concrete. The limit of depth is that in which men can work in compressed air wit
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 39 (search)
ith the Secessionists, were determined to frustrate, at all hazards, the inauguration of the President-elect, even at the cost of his life. The characters and pursuits of the conspirators were various. Some of them were impelled by a fanatical zeal which they termed patriotism, and they justified their acts by the example of Brutus, in ridding his country of a tyrant. One of them was accustomed to recite passages put into the mouth of the character of Brutus, in Shakspeare's play of Julius Caesar. Others were stimulated by the offer of pecuniary reward. These, it was observed, staid away from their usual places of work for several weeks prior to the intended assault. Although their circumstances had previously rendered them dependent on their daily labor for support, they were during this time abundantly supplied with money, which they squandered in bar-rooms and disreputable places. After the discovery of the plot, a strict watch was kept by the agents of detection over th
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 77 (search)
Our republicanism means the whole nation, or it means nothing. Together, the parts temper each other; asunder, the aristocracy of the slave power makes equality a myth, and the free radical North less safely democratic. If Abraham Lincoln has inaugurated a crash; if George Washington is to be no longer known as the successful contender for a combined and self-regulating nationality; if Bishop Berkeley's star of empire has crumbled away into belligerent asteroids, and we are to fall, like Caesar, at the base of this black Pompey's pillar, we shall at least go into this holy battle for the Constitution, with no law broken and no national duty unfulfilled. We have not stolen a single ship, or a pound of powder, or a dollar of coin to sully the sacred tramp with which patriotism pursues robbery and rebellion. All the ills of the South could have been remedied within the Constitution — all their wrongs righted by the victory of future votes. Shall I tell you what secession means? It
Rebellion Record: a Diary of American Events: Documents and Narratives, Volume 1. (ed. Frank Moore), chapter 229 (search)
l to bear the sword not in vain. Christ, in His Messiahship, would not be made a judge or a divider as to the statutes and estates of this earth; but He did not, therefore, abrogate the tribunals of earthly judgment. To Caesar He bade us render Caesar's dues. He cherished and exemplified patriotism when answering to the appeal made to Him in the behalf of that Gentile ruler as far as one who loved our Jewish nation. He showed it when weeping, as He predicted the coming woes of His own people, which he would wrong them and himself to suppress. He had been in favor of excluding the vexed question of slavery from the associations and conventions with which he was connected, on the ground that the institution belonged to the kingdom of Caesar, and not to the kingdom of Christ. But the time had come when the religious aspect of slavery could not be ignored by them as a people. The clergy at the North had been misrepresented at the South, and even God's Holy Word was said to contain t
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), A. (search)
ference to shading sidewalks and show-windows. Some devices, however, have been intended for window-shades, and are modified in shape and mode of operation to suit their location. Awnings of linen were first used by the Romans in the theater, when Q. Catulus dedicated the Temple of Jupiter, B. C. 69. After this, Lentulus Spinther is said to have first introduced cotton awnings in the theater at the Apollinarian Games, July 6, B. C. 63; they were red, yellow, and iron-gray. By and by, Caesar the Dictator covered with awnings the whole Roman Forum, and the Sacred Way, from his own house to the ascent of the Capitoline Hill; this was 46 B. C., and is said to have appeared more wonderful than the gladiatorial exhibition itself. Afterward, without exhibiting games, Marcellus, the son of Octavia, sister of Augustus, when he was aedile and his uncle consul the eleventh time, on the day before the Kalends of August, July 31, 23 B. C., protected the Forum from the rays of the sun, that
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
Guzman, A. D. 1202, introduced the rosary of 15 large and 150 small beads. Beads were used by the Druids in the time of Caesar. Beads are made of a great variety of materials: gold, diamond, amber, pearl, coral, jet, garnet, crystal, steel, pastations the skins of wild beasts have been much employed, and of these were the beds of the ancient Britons at the time of Caesar's invasion. Their Roman conquerors are said to have taught them the use of straw; to some extent of grain also, it would. Philadelphus added the famous library of Aristotle to the collection. It was much injured by fire in the siege of Julius Caesar. Antony added to it the library of Pergamus, collected by Eumenes. It was afterward injured by Theodosius, and destus Scipio, 127 B. C. Julius Caesar's and Trajan's bridges. A trestle-bridge on piles (a. Fig. 924) was built by Julius Caesar across the Rhine about 55 B. C. He left an account of its construction, but the authorities construct it differently
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
dding two months, and made it commence at the winter solstice. Julius Caesar, 46 B. C., sent for Sosigenes of Alexandria, who again correcte C. It attracted the attention, also, of Demetrius Poliorketes, Julius Caesar, Caligula, and Herodes Atticus; but it was reserved for Nero toge.) Triumphal cars were introduced by Tarquin the Elder, 616 B. C. Caesar relates that Cassibelaunus, of Britain, after dismissing all his othe Veneti, used iron chain-cable for their ships in the time of Julius Caesar. In the tenth century the nations of the Baltic used ropes o. The skill of the ancient Britons in chariot-driving filled Julius Caesar with astonishment. See carriage; cart. Chariot-wheels of bpsydras are said to have been found in use among the Britons by Julius Caesar, 55 B. C. The Saracens had several kinds of clepsydras; one . This practice was not adopted by the Romans till the time of Julius Caesar, when it became general, and is yet practiced, as is well known
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), G. (search)
y Pliny, Petronius, Dion Cassius, and others who copied from them. The two former refer to vases made in the time of Tiberius. It is not fully credited. Julius Caesar found the Britons in possession of glass beads, which they probably obtained of the Phoenicians in return for tin. Rome had few glass windows till the reign ofVI.) grapes were brought from Flanders to England. The vine was introduced into England in 1552. The statements of the growth of the vine in Britain (time of Julius Caesar) seem to lack confirmation. One of the largest vines in Europe is that of Hampton Court Palace, near London, the famous palace built by Cardinal Wolsey and gi the time of Constantine, numbered three hundred. Strabo informs us that mills were driven by water in the period of Mithridates of Pontus, the contemporary of Caesar and Cicero. Such mills were driven by the current of the Tiber a little before the time of Augustus. It is not certain that these were grain-mills. Windmills
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