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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Parker, Sir Peter 1721-1811 (search)
Parker, Sir Peter 1721-1811 Naval officer; born in England in 1721; became a post-cap tain in the British navy in 1747. As com mander of a fleet, he co-operated with Sir Henry Clinton in an unsuccessful attack on Charleston, June 28, 1776. He afterwards assisted both Viscount General Howe and Admiral Lord Howe in the capture of New York, and commanded the squadron which took possession of Rhode Island late in that year. Afterwards he was a member of Parliament; was made admiral of the white, and on the death of Lord Howe (1799), as the oldest admiral Sir Peter Parker (from an English print). in the navy, he became admiral of the fleet. He died in England, Dec. 21, 1811.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Peace commissioners. (search)
You may call us what you please, they said, we are nevertheless the representatives of a free and independent people, and will entertain no proposition which does not recognize our independence. Further conference was unnecessary. On June 4, 1778, the Earl of Carlisle, George Johnstone, and William Eden, commissioners appointed by the King under Lord North's conciliatory bills, arrived at Philadelphia. The brothers Howe, who were to be of the commission, could not join them, but Sir Henry Clinton took the place of Sir William. The commissioners sent their credentials and other papers by their secretary to the Congress at York, Pa., with a flag. That body and the American people, having already perused the bills and found in them no word about independence, had resolved to have nothing to do with commissioners that might be sent, and to meet no advance on the part of the government of Great Britain unless the fleets and armies should be withdrawn and the independence of the Un
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Rawdon, Lord Francis 1754- (search)
of Moira; entered the British army in 1771, and embarked for America as a lieutenant of infantry in 1775. After the battle of Bunker Hill be became aide to Sir Henry Clinton, and was distinguished in several battles near New York City in 1776. In 1778 he was made adjutant-general of the army under Clinton, and raised a corps calClinton, and raised a corps called the Volunteers of Ireland. He was distinguished for bravery in the battle at Monmouth, and was afterwards, when Charleston fell before Clinton, placed in command of one of the divisions of the army to subjugate South Carolina. He bravely defended Camden against Greene, and relieved Fort Ninety-six from siege by that officer.Clinton, placed in command of one of the divisions of the army to subjugate South Carolina. He bravely defended Camden against Greene, and relieved Fort Ninety-six from siege by that officer. Soon afterwards he went to Francis Rawdon (from an English print.) Charleston, and sailed for England. While on a return voyage, he was captured by a French cruiser. On March 5, 1783, he was created a baron, and made aide-decamp to the King, and in 1789 he succeeded to the title of his uncle, the Earl of Huntingdon. In 1793
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Revolutionary War, (search)
n, Canada May 1, 1775 British Generals Howe, Clinton, and Burgoyne arrive at Boston from England w William Howe (who had been succeeded by Sir Henry Clinton), six days before his return to England an army winters at Morristown Dec., 1779 General Clinton sails from New York against Charleston Demmander-in-chief in the SouthMarch, 1780 General Clinton lays siege to Charleston April 10, 1780 e 20, 1780 Battle at Springfield, N. J.; General Clinton burns the town June 23, 1780 French armylis surrenders at YorktownOct. 19, 1781 Sir Henry Clinton, with fleet of thirty-five vessels and 7 1782 Sir Guy Carleton, appointed to succeed Clinton, lands in New York May 5, 1782 Orders receivces were filled by new recruits. When Sir Henry Clinton heard of the revolt of the Pennsylvania marquis had plainly perceived the mistake of Clinton in ordering Cornwallis to take a defensive po attack upon New York City. So satisfied was Clinton that such was Washington's design, that, for [2 more...]
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, Marquis of 1730- (search)
ple of Rockingham and his colleagues was to acknowledge the independence of the United States and treat with them accordingly. Lord Shelburne still hoped Lord Rockingham. for a reconciliation and the restoration of the American colonies as a part of the British Empire. John Adams was at The Hague, negotiating a treaty of commerce, and overtures were made to him, as well as to Franklin at Paris, to ascertain whether the United States would not agree to a separate peace, and to something less than entire independence. With this object, the ministry appointed Sir Guy Carleton to supersede General Clinton in command of the British army in America, and commissioned him, along with Admiral Digby, to treat for peace. Their powers to treat were made known to Congress, but that body declined to negotiate, except in conjunction with France, in fulfilment of the agreement of the treaty of alliance at Paris. While these matters were under consideration Lord Rockingham died, July 1, 1782.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Sanders's Creek, battle of. (search)
25), who had been appointed to the command of the Southern Department. Gates pressed forward towards Camden, through a barren and generally disaffected country. The approach of the conqueror of Burgoyne greatly inspired the patriots of South Carolina, and such active partisans as Sumter, Marion, Pickens, and Clarke immediately summoned their followers in South Carolina and Georgia to the field, and they seemed to have prepared the way for Gates to make a complete conquest of the State. Clinton had left the command of the forces in the South to Cornwallis, and he had intrusted the leadership of the troops on the Santee and its upper waters to Lord Rawdon, an active officer. The latter was at Camden when Gates approached. Cornwallis, seeing the peril of the troops under him, because of the uprising of the patriots in all directions, hastened to the assistance of Rawdon, and reached that village on the same day (Aug. 14) that Gates arrived at Clermont, north of Camden, and was joi
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Savannah, Ga. (search)
Savannah, Ga. The chief commercial city of Georgia; 18 miles from the Atlantic Ocean; county seat of Chatham county; noted for its large exports of cotton, naval stores, rice, and lumber; population in 1900, 54,244. Late in 1778 Sir Henry Clinton de- A view of Savannah. spatched Lieutenant-Colonel Campbell with about 2,000 men to invade Georgia. He sailed from New York on Nov. 27, under convoy of a portion of Commodore Hyde Plan of the siege of Savannah, Oct. 9, 1779. Parker's fleet. They arrived at the mouth of the Savannah on Dec. 23, and, after much hinderance, made their way towards Savannah, opposed by Gen. Robert Howe with about 600 Continentals and a few hundred militia. Howe was defeated, and fled, pursued by the invaders. Savannah passed into the hands of the British, with 453 prisoners, forty-eight cannon, twenty-three mortars, the fort (with its ammunition and stores), the shipping in the river, and a large quantity of provisions. The Americans lost, in ki
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Schuyler, Philip (John) 1733-1857 (search)
tral was of incalculable importance to the American cause at that time. Schuyler resigned his commission in April, 1779. As a member of Congress (1778-81) he was very efficient in military affairs, and was appointed to confer with Washington concerning the campaign of 1780, especially in the Southern Department. In the summer of 1781 Schuyler, withdrawn from military service, was at his home, just on the southern verge of the city of Albany. Plans had been matured for seizing him, Governor Clinton, and other leading patriots of the State. In August an attempt was made to abduct Schuyler by Walter Meyer, Schuyler's mansion in Albany. a Tory, who had eaten bread at the general's table. Meyer, at the head of a band of Tories, Canadians, and Indians, repaired to the neighborhood of Albany, where he seized a Dutch laborer and learned from him the precise condition of affairs at Schuyler's house. He was allowed to depart after taking an oath of secrecy, but, with a mental reservat
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Simcoe, John Graves -1806 (search)
Simcoe, John Graves -1806 Military officer; born near Exeter, England, Feb. 25, 1752; entered the army in 1770; came to America with a company of foot, with which he fought in the battles of Brandywine and Monmouth; raised a battalion which he called The Queen's Rangers ; trained them for light and active service; and with them performed important services, especially in the South. In June, 1779, Clinton gave him the local rank of lieutenant-colonel. His light corps was always in advance of the army and engaged in gallant exploits. His corps was disbanded after the war, and its officers were placed on half-pay. Simcoe was governor of Canada in 1791-94; was made major-general in 1794, and lieutenant-general in 1798. He was governor and commander-in-chief of Santo Domingo in 1796-97. He died in Torbay, England, Oct. 26, 1806.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Six Nations, (search)
chastise the hostile Six Nations was then inaugurated, and the expedition was led by Gen. John Sullivan (q. v.). The confederacy had always claimed and enjoyed the right of free passage through the great valley west of the Blue Ridge. Some backwoodsmen of Virginia penetrated that valley, and, in 1743, came into collision with the Iroquois. War with the French was then threatened, and hostilities between any of the colonists and the Six Nations, at that juncture, might be perilous. Governor Clinton, of New York, hastened to secure the firm friendship of the confederacy by liberal presents, for which purpose, in conjunction with commissioners from New England, he held a meeting at Albany in June. The commissioners proposed an association of the five Northern colonies for mutual defence; but the Assembly of New York, hoping to secure the same neutrality enjoyed during the previous war, declined the proposition. The next year the difficulties between the Six Nations and the Virgini
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