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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Spangenberg, Augustus Gottlieb 1704-1792 (search)
Spangenberg, Augustus Gottlieb 1704-1792 Clergyman; born in Kletlenberg, Germany, July 15, 1704; was a benevolent teacher and helper of poor children. Joining the Moravians in 1733, he was sent as a missionary to the West Indies and North America in 1735. He established a colony in Georgia, and received a grant of land from the trustees. He was the founder of Bethlehem, a Moravian settlement in Pennsylvania, and in 1743 lie was made bishop. He crossed the Atlantic Ocean several times to look after the Church in America, and on the death of Count Zinzendorf, in 1760, he was called to the supreme council of the sect. In 1764 he was appointed supreme inspector in Upper Alsatia. In 1789 Bishop Spangenberg became president of the general directory. He died in Berthelsdorf, Saxony, Sept. 18, 1792.
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Treaties. (search)
Treaty of Cession of Russian possessionsWashingtonMar. 30, 1867 Addition to treaty of 1832WashingtonJan. 27, 1868 Treaty of ExtraditionWashingtonApril 21, 1893 San Salvador: Treaty of Amity, navigation, commerceLeonJan. 2, 1850 Convention of ExtraditionSan SalvadorMay 23, 1870 Treaty of Amity, commerce, consular privilegesSan SalvadorDec. 6, 1870 Samoan Islands: Treaty of Friendship and commerceWashingtonJan. 17, 1878 Sardinia: Treaty of Commerce and navigationGenoaNov. 26, 1838 Saxony: Convention of Abolition of droit d'aubaineBerlinMay 14, 1845 Siam: Treaty of Amity and commerceBankokMar. 20, 1833 Treaty of Friendship, commerce, etc.BankokMay 29, 1856 Regulating liquor traffic in SiamWashingtonMay 14, 1884 Principal treaties and conventions of the United States with other powers—Concluded. Foreign Power and Object of Treaty.Where Concluded.Date. Spain: Treaty of Friendship, limits, navigationSan Lorenzo el RealOct. 27, 1795 Convention of IndemnificationMa
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Georgia, (search)
panelled......July 7, 1733 Forty Jews arrive at Savannah, sent by the committee appointed by the trustees......July, 1733 Trustees prohibit rum in Georgia......Aug. 11, 1733 Forty-two families of Salzburgers, sent from Augsburg, Bavaria, by the Society for the Propagation of Christian Knowledge, settle at Ebenezer......March 17, 1734 Oglethorpe sails for England, leaving Thomas Causton in authority......April 7, 1734 Ten persons, under Rev. Gottlieb Spanzenberg, sent over from Saxony to begin a Moravian settlement in America, locate on north side of the Ogeechee River, near Fort Argyle......January, 1735 Fifty-nine Salzburgers under Mr. Vat, twenty-two British emigrants, and some Indian chiefs whom Oglethorpe had taken to England, arrive at Savannah early in......1735 Small quantity of Georgia silk taken to England and court dress made, worn by Queen Caroline at levee on King's birthday......April 2, 1735 Augusta laid out and garrisoned at trustees' expense; Ro
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Zinzendorf, Nicolaus Ludwig, Count 1700-1760 (search)
Zinzendorf, Nicolaus Ludwig, Count 1700-1760 Religious reformer; born in Dresden, Saxony, May 26, 1700; son of a leading minister of the electorate of Saxony; was educated at Halle and Wittenberg. When, Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf. in 1720, he received his deceased father's estate from his guardians, he purchased a lordship in Lusatia, and married a sister of the Prince of Reuss. When he was twenty-two years of age he became interested in the discipline and doctrines of the scattered MSaxony; was educated at Halle and Wittenberg. When, Nicolaus Ludwig Zinzendorf. in 1720, he received his deceased father's estate from his guardians, he purchased a lordship in Lusatia, and married a sister of the Prince of Reuss. When he was twenty-two years of age he became interested in the discipline and doctrines of the scattered Moravian brethren, invited some of them to settle on his estate, formed statutes for their government, and finally became a bishop among them, and one of their most ardent missionaries. John Wesley passed some time at the home of Zinzendorf, and from him imbibed notions of church organization and a missionary spirit upon which he afterwards acted. He commended singing as a wonderful power in the church. Zinzendorf was consecrated bishop in 1736, travelled over the Continent, visited England, a
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), B. (search)
laying the surface of porcelain in an unfinished state, to form a basis of adherence for the color, which is deposited by the pencil, by cotton-wool, or by stencil, according to the mode. The bossing is a coat of boiled oil, to hold the color. The oil is expelled by the heat of the enamel-kiln, and the color vitrified. The bossing is laid on with a hair-pencil, and leveled with a boss of soft leather. Bott′ger-ware. The white porcelain of Dresden. Made originally by Bottger, of Saxony, in imitation of the Chinese. It is now made in the old castle, once the residence of the Saxon princes, at Meissen on the Elbe, 15 miles below Dresden. Bott-ham′mer. （Flax.) A wooden mallet with a fluted face, used in breaking flax upon the floor to remove the boon. Bot′ting. （Metallurgy.) Restopping the tapping-hole of a furnace after a part of its charge has been allowed to flow therefrom. The plug is a conical mass of clay on the end of a wooden bar. Bot′tle.
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), C. (search)
otton and silk stuff made in Turkey. Chlori-na′tion. A process for the extraction of gold by exposure of the auriferous material to chlorine gas. The process was first introduced by Plattner, a professor in the School of Mines, Freiberg, Saxony. The principle involved is the transformation of metallic gold, by means of chlorine gas, into soluble chloride of gold (the aurum potabile of the ancients), which can be dissolved in cold water, and precipitated in the metallic state by sulphnot so many strings as keys, the strings being shortened, as in a guitar, by a device brought into action by the movement of the key, which struck the note. We read in a Leipsic work of 1600 of an instrument brought by Praetorius from Italy to Saxony, in which each key had its own string. This was considered quite a novelty in a keyed instrument, though common enough in harps, and was not fol- lowed till long afterwards, probably the latter half of the eighteenth century. Clavi-cith-e′ri
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), D. (search)
in the defence, but placed outside the body of the place. De-tach′ing horses from Car′riages. A means for suddenly releasing an unmanageable team from the vehicle. The Marquis of Worcester, in his Century of inventions, 1655, describes an apparatus of this kind, under command of the passengers, in which, by means of a T-ended lever, two or four bolts could be simultaneously drawn inwards, and the horses thereby released with the greatest possible ease and certainty. Hohlfield of Saxony, 1711 – 71, contrived a carriage in which the person could by a single push loosen the pole and set the horses at liberty. William's English patent, 1802, operates by a cord releasing a bolt, which allows the studs to which the traces are attached to rotate and the traces to slip off. Since these, numerous devices have been suggested, but have not come extensively into use. De-tect′or. 1. An arrangement in a lock, introduced by Ruxton, by which an over-lifted tumbler is caught b
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), F. (search)
in the hair and wool referred to. It would be interesting to introduce various other examples of hair and wool, as seen under the microscope, but our limits forbid. a, in the illustration, shows the appearance under a microscope of a fiber of Saxony lamb's wool somewhat less than 1/1000 of an inch in diameter. f shows the appearance of rabbithair under the microscope, and b beaver-down, which has a diameter of about 1/2000 of an inch. c, d, e, show musquash, nutria, and hare's fur. They different colors may be concealed or brought to the surface, or made to change places according to a presented pattern. The Jacquard is the principal loom used in weaving figured fabrics. See damask; Jacquard. Hohlfield, of Hennerndorf, in Saxony, 1711 – 71, invented a loom for weaving figured fabrics, the model of which is preserved in the collection of the Berlin Academy. Fig′ure-head. （Nautical.) The ornament on the head or prow of a ship. Fi′lar-mi-crom′e-ter. A micro
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), O. (search)
4060183,629 20343,26370125,254 30316,4938063,612 40280,106900 Odometers were possessed by Augustus, the Elector of Saxony, A. D. 1553-86, and for Emperor Rodolphus II. 1576-1612. In the eighteenth century they became common, and descriptions are found in scientific reports and works of that date. Hohlfield, born at Hennerndorf, in Saxony, in 1711, seems to have much improved the instrument. A new French instrument, termed a compteur mecanique, or calculating-machine, not only reckrussiaMile (post)8,238 RomeKilometre1,093.63 RomeMile2,025 RussiaVerst1,166.7 RussiaSashine2.33 SardiniaMiglio2,435 SaxonyMeile (post)7,432 SiamRoenung4,333 SpainLeague legal4,638 SpainLeague, common6,026.24 SpainMilla1,522 SwedenMile11,66aller machines to complete the work. Crushers of this class are used in the Lake Superior copper-mines, and at Freiburg, Saxony. The jaws of Blake's crushers are usually faced with case-hardened blocks of iron, which can be turned over when worn,
Knight's Mechanical Encyclopedia (ed. Knight), P. (search)
n used for hair-powder and went by the name of Schnorr's white earth. It proved to be kaolin. The French porcelain works were first established at St. Cloud, in 1695, by Louis XIV.; at Vincennes, 1740; removed to Sevres, 1786. The Meissen, Saxony, porcelain manufactory was established by Augustus II., Elector of Saxony, in 1710. Botticher invented the hard paste in 1706; the red ware like jasper, in 1711: white porcelain, in 1709; the perfect, white kind, in 1715. He died in 1719. HeroSaxony, in 1710. Botticher invented the hard paste in 1706; the red ware like jasper, in 1711: white porcelain, in 1709; the perfect, white kind, in 1715. He died in 1719. Heroldt introduced gilding and painting in 1720; modeled groups, in 1731; porcelain made in England, at Bow, in 1698. Wedgwood ware was first patented, 1762. Porcelain may be distinguished from the coarser earthenware as a pottery which is fine grained, compact, very hard, and somewhat translucid. The latter quality is derived from its partial vitrification. It has various colors. Porcelain is divided into hard and tender. The former is made in Germany and in Asia, and the latter is held t
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