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Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), William and Mary, Fort (search)
occasion of the conflict at Lexington, and it is more than probable that it saved Bunker Hill from proving a disastrous defeat, if not, indeed, a calamity fatal to further effort for freedom. Amory's only reference to it in his Military services of General Sullivan is this: Soon after his return home [Sullivan had been a delegate to the Continental Congress] he planned with Thomas Pickering and John Langdon an attack, on the night of the 12th of December. upon Fort William and Mary, at Newcastle, in Portsmouth Harbor—one of the earliest acts of hostility against the mother-country; and, by the aid of a portion of a force he had been for some months engaged in drilling in their military exercises in preparation for the anticipated conflict, carried ninety-seven kegs of powder and a quantity of smallarms in gondolas to Durham, where they were concealed, in part, under the pulpit of its meeting-house. Soon after the battles of Lexington and Concord had aroused the people to a reali
Harper's Encyclopedia of United States History (ed. Benson Lossing), Wilson, Alexander 1766-1813 (search)
Wilson, Alexander 1766-1813 Ornithologist; born in Paisley, Scotland, July 6, 1766; became a weaver, and wrote verses for the newspapers, and in 1789 peddled two volumes of his poetry through the country. His Watty and Meg, published in 1792, and attributed to Burns, had a sale of 100,000 copies. Being prosecuted for a poetical lampoon, he came to America in 1794, landing at Newcastle, Del. By the advice of William Bartram (q. v.), the botanist, he turned his attention to ornithology. Late in 1804 he made a journey on foot to Niagara Falls, and wrote a poetic account of it. In 1805 he learned the art of etching. He persuaded Bradford, the Philadelphia publisher, to furnish funds for the publication of a work on American ornithology in a superb manner, but it was so expensive that it was not pecuniarily successful. His labors, day and night, upon this great work impaired his health and hastened his death. He had finished seven volumes when he laid aside his implements of la
eers! The cheers were answered by the small crew of the newly commissioned ship, and the ceremony was over. Captain Low had now only to fill away, and make sail, on his cruise. Our first meeting was to be at the Cape of Good Hope. My bantling was thus born upon the high seas, in the South Atlantic Ocean, and no power could gainsay the legitimacy of its birth. As the reader will see, England was afterward compelled to acknowledge it, though an ill-informed cabinet minister—the Duke of Newcastle—at first objected to it. On the same evening that we parted with the Tuscaloosa, we boarded the English bark, Mary Kendall, from Cardiff for Point de Galle, but which having met with heavy weather, and sprung a leak, was putting back to Rio Janeiro for repairs. At the request of her master I sent my surgeon on board to visit a seaman who had been badly injured by a fall. As we were within a few days' sail of Rio, I prevailed upon the master of this ship to receive my prisoners on boar
e Government. Since I had left the Cape, a correspondence had ensued between the Governor, Sir Philip Wodehouse, and the Secretary for the Colonies, the Duke of Newcastle; the latter disapproving of the conduct of the former, in the matter of the reception of the Tuscaloosa. It was insisted by the Duke, that inasmuch as the Tuscalthe first, very clearly of the opinion that the Tuscaloosa was entitled to be considered and treated as a ship of war, and in his correspondence with the Duke of Newcastle, before referred to, he maintained this opinion with great force and clearness. He was, besides, fortified by the opinion of the Attorney-General of the Colony.ect was brought to the notice of the House of Commons, and information asked for. The Cabinet took it up, and were obliged to reverse the decision of the Duke of Newcastle. On the 4th of March, 1864, the Duke wrote to Governor Wodehouse as follows: I have received your despatches of the 11th and 19th of January, reporting the circ
rked the struggle by which that dependence was at length terminated. Let me refer for an instant to some of the local memories which linger all around us. On the angle of Connecticut, which juts into the State of New York close by this town of Newcastle, stands the boundary rock still bearing the initials G. R., brief memento of King George III., whose sovereignty over our fathers, loyal subjects though they were, and backed as was the crown by the armies of Great Britain, faded before the steont, the banks of the stream being fortified in convenient places. I need not remind you of the battle of White Plains on the 28th October, 1776, where Alexander Hamilton distinguished himself as a captain of artillery, nor of the heights of Newcastle to which Washington repaired after the battle. At Bedford, where we hold our farms under Indian titles, bearing the mark of Katonah, sagamore, that were confirmed by patent of Queen Anne, some houses were burned in ‘79 by Lieut.-Colonel Tarlet
Doc. 262.-Duke of Newcastle's order in reference to privateers. Downing street, 1st June, 1861. Sir: You are already aware that the Queen is desirous of observing the strictest neutrality in the contest which appears to be imminent between the United States and the so-styled Confederate States of North America. I have now to inform you that, in order to give full effect to this principle, Her Majesty has been pleased to interdict the armed ships, and also the privateers of both party them into the ports, harbors, roadsteads, or waters of the United Kingdom, or of any of Her Majesty's colonies or possessions abroad. It is Her Majesty's desire that this prohibition should be forthwith notified to all proper authorities within her dominions, and I am to desire that you take measures to secure its effectual observance within the limits of your Government. I have, &c., Newcastle. Governor — The Right Honorable Sir E. W. Head, Bart, &c. --Boston Transcript, June 20.
ches long, 3 by 3/4 inches, bolted together through the rails by 4 bolts, allowance being made by oval bolt-holes for expansion and contraction of the rails. The fish-joint with keys instead of bolts was first used (Holley) by Barr of Newcastle, Delaware, in 1843. In Samuel's fish-joint the bolt passes through a hole in one fish-plate and is tapped into the other. This obviates the nut, which is apt to be in the way of the wheel-flange. Fish-ket′tle. A long kettle adapted to boiles of folded cloth while they are vulcanized and blended together by a steam heat of say 280° F. Flat-rail. A railroad rail consisting of a simple flat bar, spiked to a longitudinal sleeper. Tramways of wood were laid down by Beaumont at Newcastle, in 1602. They were protected by flat straps of iron in 1738, at Whitehaven. Flat cast-iron plates were laid at Coalbrookdale in 1767. The angular cast-iron rail was used in 1776. Edge rails of cast-iron in 1789. Rolled rails in 1820. See
is applied alongside of a vertical wheel. The tool is clamped to a holder, which has horizontal and vertical graduated arcs, admitting of adjustment to any required angle, so as to form a double bevel. Grind′stone. Grindstones are made from the more compact sandstones, varying in texture and compactness according to the work required. Those of England are highly esteemed. Different localities of that country afford such as are required for almost every purpose. Among these the Newcastle stones, from the coal measures of Northumberland and the adjacent counties, have a pre-eminence in England for general purposes; others are used for grinding, while many varieties are employed as plane surfaces for whetstones. Other qualities are used for hones. A German variety is famous for this purpose. The very finest qualities, composed of an almost impalpable agglutinated powder, are used as oil-stones. Such are the Water of Ayr, and Blue stones, and the Turkey oil-stone. The ol
h, on account of its small boiler. Hedley thereupon the same year built another engine (shown at B, Fig. 2984), having a return-flue boiler, and mounted on eight driving-wheels, which were coupled together by intermediate gear-wheels on the axles, and all propelled by a gear in the center, driven by a pitman from the walking-beam. See Who invented the locomotive-engine? London, 1858, written by O. D. Hedley, the son of the inventor. Hedley's locomotive was objected to by residents of Newcastle, on account of the smoke. He therefore passed the smoke into a large receiver (a), and turned the exhaust-steam upon it. From the receiver the steam and smoke were conveyed by a pipe (b) to the chimney, which device soon developed into the steam-blast. Puffing Billy was at work more or less until 1862, when it was laid up as a memorial in the British Patent Office Museum. Hedley died in 1842. In 1815, Dodds and Stephenson patented an engine (shown by side and end views, Fig. 2985)
k-stopped vessels, packed in cases with sawdust. The explosion has been attributed to the disengagement of gas, which, by the corrosion of the corks, escaped into the surrounding sawdust, forming a new and easily ignited compound, which, becoming mixed with the undecomposed nitroleum which escaped, was easily exploded at such a high temperature by the rough handling to which it was subjected by the stevedores. The sheriff, surveyor, and four other persons were killed by an explosion at Newcastle on Tyne, England, while engaged in burying some cases of this compound in a pit beyond the city limits for safety. It is noticeable that most of the accidents recorded have occurred in moving, transporting, or liquefying the compound after congelation, and not in blasting. For farther information see the following patents: — No. 50,617, Nobel, 1865; reissued, 1869.No. 93,756, Shaffner, 1869. No. 98,382, Horsley, 1869. No. 56,620, Shaffner, 1863.No. 98,425, Shaffner, 1869. No. 5
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