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Athens (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
es. must be suitably expressed. Similar instances are such witticisms as saying that “the empire of the sea” was not “the beginning of misfortunes” for the Athenians, for they benefited by it; or, with Isocrates,Isoc. 5.61; Isoc. 8.101. The point in the illustrations lies in the use of a)rxh/, first in the sense of “empire,” then in that of “beginning.” It could be said that the “empire” of the sea was or was not “the beginning of misfortunes” for Athens; for at first it was highly beneficial to them, but in the end brought disaster, and thus was the “beginning” of evil. that “empire” was “the beginning of misfortunes for the city”; in both cases that which one would not have expected to be said is said, and recognized as true. For, in the second example, to say that “empire is empire” shows no cleverness, but this is not what he means, but something else; in the first, th
Australia (Australia) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
f a kind. Proverbs also are metaphors from species to species. If a man, for instance, introduces into his house something from which he expects to benefit, but afterwards finds himself injured instead, it is as the CarpathianOr, “he says it is a case of the Carpathian and the hare.” An inhabitant of the island of Carpathus introduced a brace of hares, which so multiplied that they devoured all the crops and ruined the farmers （like the rabbits in Australia）. says of the hare; for both haveexperienced the same misfortunes. This is nearly all that can be said of the sources of smart sayings and the reasons which make them so. Approved hyperboles are also metaphors. For instance, one may say of a man whose eye is all black and blue, “you would have thought he was a basket of mulberries,” because the black eye is something purple, but the great quantity constitutes the hyperbole. Again, when one says “lik
Carpathus (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
Like Philammon punching the leather sack. All such expressions are similes, and similes, as has been often said, are metaphors of a kind. Proverbs also are metaphors from species to species. If a man, for instance, introduces into his house something from which he expects to benefit, but afterwards finds himself injured instead, it is as the CarpathianOr, “he says it is a case of the Carpathian and the hare.” An inhabitant of the island of Carpathus introduced a brace of hares, which so multiplied that they devoured all the crops and ruined the farmers （like the rabbits in Australia）. says of the hare; for both haveexperienced the same misfortunes. This is nearly all that can be said of the sources of smart sayings and the reasons which make them so. Approved hyperboles are also metaphors. For instance, one may say of a man whose eye is all black and blue, “you would have thought he was a basket
Lemnos (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
ttering lamp; for in both cases there is contraction.Contraction of eyelids and flame. But they are excellent when there is a proportional metaphor; for it is possible to liken a shield to the goblet of Ares and a ruin to the rag of a house; to say that Niceratus is a Philoctetes bitten by Pratys, to use the simile of Thrasymachus, when he saw Niceratus, defeated by Pratys in a rhapsodic competition, still dirty with his hair uncut.Like Philoctetes on Lemnos after he had been bitten by the snake. It is herein that poets are especially condemned if they fail, but applauded if they succeed. I mean, for instance, when they introduce an answering clause:When the concluding corresponds with the introductory expression. This “answering clause” is called apodosis （5.2）, not restricted, as in modern usage, to the conclusion of a conditional sentence. He carries his legs twisted like parsley,
Persia (Iran) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
say that a good man is “four-square”Simonides, frag. 5 （P.L.G. 2.）. Both a good man and a square are complete as far as they go, but they do not express actuality. is a metaphor, for both these are complete, but the phrase does not express actuality, whereas “of one having the prime of his life in full bloom”Isoc. 5.10. does; similarly, “thee, like a sacred animal ranging at will”Isoc. 5.127. This speech is an appeal to Philip to lead the Greeks against Persia. As a sacred animal could roam where it pleased within the precincts of its temple, so Philip could claim the whole of Greece as his fatherland, while other descendants of Heracles （whom Isocrates calls the author of Philip's line） were tied down and their outlook narrowed by the laws and constitution of the city in which they dwelt. expresses actuality, and in Thereupon the Greeks shooting forward with their feetEur. IA
Greece (Greece) (search for this): book 3, chapter 11
cred animal ranging at will”Isoc. 5.127. This speech is an appeal to Philip to lead the Greeks against Persia. As a sacred animal could roam where it pleased within the precincts of its temple, so Philip could claim the whole of Greece as his fatherland, while other descendants of Heracles （whom Isocrates calls the author of Philip's line） were tied down and their outlook narrowed by the laws and constitution of the city in which they dwelt. expresses ac applied to things standing wide apart, viz. to surface （area） and powers （functions, offices）.” （ a)n- is not negative, but = re.） But the passage quoted by Victorius from Isoc. 5.40: “for I know that all the cities of Greece have been placed on the same level （ w(mali/sqai） by misfortunes” suggests this as a preferable reading here, w(mali/sqai meaning （1） have been levelled to the ground （although the Lexica give no