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Browsing named entities in Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley). You can also browse the collection for Thermopylae or search for Thermopylae in all documents.

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Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 175 (search)
aking into account what was said by Alexander, deliberated as a body how and where they should stand to fight. It was decided that they should guard the pass of Thermopylae, for they saw that it was narrower than the pass into Thessaly and nearer home. The pass, then, which brought about the fall of those Greeks who fell at ThermopThermopylae, was unknown to them until they came to Thermopylae and learned of it from the men of Trachis. This pass they were resolved to guard and so stay the barbarian's passage into Hellas, while their fleet should sail to Artemisium in the territory of Histiaea. These places are near to each other, and each force could therefore be iThermopylae and learned of it from the men of Trachis. This pass they were resolved to guard and so stay the barbarian's passage into Hellas, while their fleet should sail to Artemisium in the territory of Histiaea. These places are near to each other, and each force could therefore be informed of the other's doings. As for the places themselves, their nature is as follows.
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 176 (search)
eet wide at its narrowest point. It is not here, however, but elsewhere that the way is narrowest, namely, in front of Thermopylae and behind it; at Alpeni, which lies behind, it is only the breadth of a cart-way, and it is the same at the Phoenix sream, near the town of Anthele. To the westHerodotus' points of the compass are wrong throughout in his description of Thermopylae; the road runs east and west, not north and south as he supposes; so “west” here should be “south” and “east” “north.” “In front” and “behind” are equivalent to “west” and “east” respectively. of Thermopylae rises a high mountain, inaccessible and precipitous, a spur of Oeta; to the east of the road there is nothing but marshes and sea. In this pass are warm springwall had been built, and formerly there was a gate in it. It was the PhociansIt is to be noted that in 480 the pass of Thermopylae was no longer in Phocian territory. who built it for fear of the Thessalians when these came
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 177 (search)
These places, then, were thought by the Greeks to suit their purpose. After making a thorough survey, they concluded that the barbarians could not make use of their entire army, nor of their horsemen. They therefore resolved, that they would meet the invader of Hellas here. Then, when they heard that the Persian was in Pieria, they broke up from the Isthmus and set out with their army to Thermopylae and with their fleet to Artemisium.
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 184 (search)
Until the whole host reached this place and Thermopylae it suffered no hurt, and calculation proves to me that its numbers were still such as I will now show. The ships from Asia were twelve hundred and seven in number, and including the entire host of nations involved, there were a total of two hundred and forty-one thousand and four hundred men, two hundred being reckoned for each ship. 200 was the usual complement for a Greek trireme—170 rowers, 30 fighters.On board all these ships were thirty fighting men of the Persians and Medes and Sacae in addition to the company which each had of native fighters; the number of this added contingent is thirty-six thousand, two hundred and ten. To this and to the first number I add the crews of the ships of fifty oars, calculating eighty men for each, whether there were actually more or fewer. Now seeing that, as has already been said,In 97. But Herodotus' total of 3000 there is only partly composed of fifty-oared ships. three thousand of the
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 186 (search)
This then is the number of soldiers. As for the service-train which followed them and the crews of the light corn-bearing vessels and all the other vessels besides which came by sea with the force, these I believe to have been not fewer but more than the fighting men. Suppose, however, that they were equal in number, neither more nor fewer. If they were equal to the fighting contingent, they made up as many tens of thousands as the others. The number, then, of those whom Xerxes son of Darius led as far as the Sepiad headland and Thermopylae was five million, two hundred and eighty-three thousand, two hundred and twenty.
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 200 (search)
There is another river south of the Asopus, the Phoenix, a little stream which flows from those mountains into the Asopus. Near this stream is the narrowest place; there is only space for a single cart-way. Thermopylae is fifteen furlongs away from the river Phoenix. Between the river and Thermopylae there is a village named Anthele, past which the Asopus flows out into the sea, and there is a wide space around it in which stand a temple of Amphictyonid Demeter, seats for the Amphictyons,Lit. there is only space for a single cart-way. Thermopylae is fifteen furlongs away from the river Phoenix. Between the river and Thermopylae there is a village named Anthele, past which the Asopus flows out into the sea, and there is a wide space around it in which stand a temple of Amphictyonid Demeter, seats for the Amphictyons,Lit. dwellers around: neighboring tribes forming a league, and sending representatives (Pylagori) to a conference held twice a year. and a temple of Amphictyon himself
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 201 (search)
King Xerxes lay encamped in Trachis in Malis and the Hellenes in the pass.In the space between the eastern and western narrow e)/sodoi. This place is called Thermopylae by most of the Hellenes, but by the natives and their neighbors Pylae.“the Gates”, since it served as the entrance into Greece from the north. Thermopylae means “the Hot Gates”, from the warm springs there. Each lay encamped in these places. Xerxes was master of everything to the northWest, properly speaking; “southward” below narrow e)/sodoi. This place is called Thermopylae by most of the Hellenes, but by the natives and their neighbors Pylae.“the Gates”, since it served as the entrance into Greece from the north. Thermopylae means “the Hot Gates”, from the warm springs there. Each lay encamped in these places. Xerxes was master of everything to the northWest, properly speaking; “southward” below should be “eastward.” from Trachis, and the Hellenes of all that lay toward the south on the
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 205 (search)
male offspring, and Dorieus, who had met his end in Sicily, was also no longer alive. The succession therefore fell to Leonidas since he was older than Anaxandrides' youngest son Cleombrotus and had married Cleomenes' daughter. He now came to Thermopylae with the appointed three hundred he had selected,The regular number of the royal body-guard, the so-called i(ppei=s. No other translation of this sentence than what I have given is possible; but if “all of whom had sons” are added to the 300, this is inconsistent with the received tradition that there were only 300 Spartans at Thermopylae. There seems to be no explanation of the matter except Dr. Macan's theory that Herodotus made a mistake. Of course if e)pileca/menos could mean “selecting from,” the difficulty might be removed; but I do not think it can. all of whom had sons. He also brought those Thebans whom I counted among the number and whose general was Leontiades son of Eurymachus. Leonidas took pains to bring only the The
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 206 (search)
The Spartans sent the men with Leonidas on ahead so that the rest of the allies would see them and march, instead of medizing like the others if they learned that the Spartans were delaying. At present the CarneiaThe national festival in honor of Apollo, held in September. was in their way, but once they had completed the festival, they intended to leave a garrison at Sparta and march out in full force with all speed. The rest of the allies planned to do likewise, for the Olympiad coincided with these events. They accordingly sent their advance guard, not expecting the war at Thermopylae to be decided so quickly.
Herodotus, The Histories (ed. A. D. Godley), Book 7, chapter 207 (search)
This is what they intended, but the Hellenes at Thermopylae, when the Persians drew near the pass, fearfully took counsel whether to depart. The rest of the Peloponnesians were for returning to the Peloponnese and guarding the isthmus, but the Phocians and Locrians were greatly angered by this counsel. Leonidas voted to remain where they were and send messengers to the cities bidding them to send help, since they were too few to ward off the army of the Medes.
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