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Consol. ad Liv. 67) ; An inscription bearing his name and that of his mother has been found, and also (probably) the urn of the latter. then Agrippa in 12 B.C. (Cass. Dio liv. 28. 5:au)to\n e)n tw=| e(autou= mnhmei/w| e)/qaye, kai/toi e)/dion e)n tw=| )*arei/w pedi/w| labo/nta; see SEPULCRUM AGRIPPAE), and Drusus in 9 B.C. (Cass. Dio lv. 2. 3: Consol. cit.: Suet. Claud. I; cf. TUMULUS IULIAE). The remains of the two grandsons of Augustus, who had also been designated as his heirs, Lucius (2 A.D.) and Gaius (4 A.D.), were also placed here (Fasti Cupr. cit. is decisive for the latter; for the urn which once contained either his ashes or, more probably, those of his brother, see CIL vi. 884, and HJ 615, n. 37. Whether the fragment of an elogium of Lucius (CIL vi. 895 =31r 95) belonged to the mausoleum is not certain), though perhaps in a separate monument, or perhaps only in a separate chamber (Cass. Dio lxxviii. 24: to/ te sw=ma au)th=s(Julia Domna) e)s th\n (*rwmhn a)naxqe\n e)n tw=|
MAUSOLEUM AUGUSTI * the mausoleum erected, as a dynastic rather than as a personal monument (we may note that it had become customary to grant the privilege of burial in the campus Martius to persons of distinction by special decree of the senate), by Augustus for himself, his family, and his successors in the northern part of the campus Martius, between the via Flaminia and the Tiber, as early as 28 B.C. (Suet. Aug. 100:(mausoleum) inter Flaminiam viam ripamque Tiberis sexto suo consulatu extruxerat, circumiectasque silvas et ambulationes in usum populi iam turn publicarat; Strabo v. 3. 9, p. 236: to\ *mausw/leion kalou/menon, e)ti\ krhpi=dos u(yhlh=s leukoli/qou pro\s tw=| potamw=| xw=ma me/ga, a)/rxi korufh=s toi=s a)eiqale/si tw=n de/ndrwn sunhrefe/s. e)p) a)/kpw| me\n ou)=n ei)kw/n e)sti xalkh= tou= *sebastou= kai/sapos, u(po\ de\ tw=| xw/mati qh=kai/ ei)sin au)tou= kai\ tw=n suggenw=n kai\ oi)kei/wn, o)/pisqen di\ me/ga a)/lsos peripa/tous qaumastou\s e)/xon); Fasti Cupr.
) ; An inscription bearing his name and that of his mother has been found, and also (probably) the urn of the latter. then Agrippa in 12 B.C. (Cass. Dio liv. 28. 5:au)to\n e)n tw=| e(autou= mnhmei/w| e)/qaye, kai/toi e)/dion e)n tw=| )*arei/w pedi/w| labo/nta; see SEPULCRUM AGRIPPAE), and Drusus in 9 B.C. (Cass. Dio lv. 2. 3: Consol. cit.: Suet. Claud. I; cf. TUMULUS IULIAE). The remains of the two grandsons of Augustus, who had also been designated as his heirs, Lucius (2 A.D.) and Gaius (4 A.D.), were also placed here (Fasti Cupr. cit. is decisive for the latter; for the urn which once contained either his ashes or, more probably, those of his brother, see CIL vi. 884, and HJ 615, n. 37. Whether the fragment of an elogium of Lucius (CIL vi. 895 =31r 95) belonged to the mausoleum is not certain), though perhaps in a separate monument, or perhaps only in a separate chamber (Cass. Dio lxxviii. 24: to/ te sw=ma au)th=s(Julia Domna) e)s th\n (*rwmhn a)naxqe\n e)n tw=| tou= *gai/ou tou=
EI AUGUSTI); and the mausoleum was surrounded by a spacious park planted with trees and laid out with walks. The first individual whose ashes were placed in the mausoleum was Augustus' heir designate Marcellus, who died in 23 B.C. (Cass. Dio liii. 30. 5; Verg. Aen. vi. 873: quae, Tiberine, videbis funera cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem; Consol. ad Liv. 67) ; An inscription bearing his name and that of his mother has been found, and also (probably) the urn of the latter. then Agrippa in 12 B.C. (Cass. Dio liv. 28. 5:au)to\n e)n tw=| e(autou= mnhmei/w| e)/qaye, kai/toi e)/dion e)n tw=| )*arei/w pedi/w| labo/nta; see SEPULCRUM AGRIPPAE), and Drusus in 9 B.C. (Cass. Dio lv. 2. 3: Consol. cit.: Suet. Claud. I; cf. TUMULUS IULIAE). The remains of the two grandsons of Augustus, who had also been designated as his heirs, Lucius (2 A.D.) and Gaius (4 A.D.), were also placed here (Fasti Cupr. cit. is decisive for the latter; for the urn which once contained either his ashes or, more probab
ina de Posterula prope montem Augustum are mentioned in the twelfth century (Arm. 324 f.; HCh 195, 254, 265, 315, 380-381) and the portus Aguste or Austu in the thirteenth, from which marble was shipped for the construction of the Cathedral of Orvieto (BC 1897, 295). The ruins were converted into a fortress by the Colonna family, and its destruction in 167 led to considerable damage to the ruins. The fortifications were, however, repaired in 1241. The body of Cola di Rienzo was burnt here in 1354. By the sixteenth century it had become a garden; it then belonged to the Soderini family. (The important drawings by Baldassare Peruzzi, already discussed by Lanciani in BC 1882, 152-154, are now given in facsimile by Bartoli, Disegni degli Uffizi. PI. cxi.-cxv. (cxxxii., clxxxiv. relate to the obelisks only). Cf. also BA 1927-8, 30 sqq. Du P6rac's view (Vestigi, 36) is well known and has often been reproduced; cf. DuP 136-137 and figs. 82-84; cf. also Vasari Society, Ser. ii. Part iii. No.
usoleum was Augustus' heir designate Marcellus, who died in 23 B.C. (Cass. Dio liii. 30. 5; Verg. Aen. vi. 873: quae, Tiberine, videbis funera cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem; Consol. ad Liv. 67) ; An inscription bearing his name and that of his mother has been found, and also (probably) the urn of the latter. then Agrippa in 12 B.C. (Cass. Dio liv. 28. 5:au)to\n e)n tw=| e(autou= mnhmei/w| e)/qaye, kai/toi e)/dion e)n tw=| )*arei/w pedi/w| labo/nta; see SEPULCRUM AGRIPPAE), and Drusus in 9 B.C. (Cass. Dio lv. 2. 3: Consol. cit.: Suet. Claud. I; cf. TUMULUS IULIAE). The remains of the two grandsons of Augustus, who had also been designated as his heirs, Lucius (2 A.D.) and Gaius (4 A.D.), were also placed here (Fasti Cupr. cit. is decisive for the latter; for the urn which once contained either his ashes or, more probably, those of his brother, see CIL vi. 884, and HJ 615, n. 37. Whether the fragment of an elogium of Lucius (CIL vi. 895 =31r 95) belonged to the mausoleum is not c
ermanicus (Tac. Ann. iii. 4: reliquiae tumulo Augusto inferebantur; two fragments of an elogium of him carved on blocks, HJ 616, n. 39, calls them blocks of marble, and the testimony of Peruzzi supports him (CIL vi. p. 840); but they cannot have belonged to the base, if Peruzzi is right in saying that it was of travertine (BC 1882, 154). belonging to the facing of the base, are given in CIL vi. 894=31 94). For his children, see USTRINUM DOMUS AUGUSTAE. Livia's ashes were placed here in 29 A.D. (Cass. Dio lviii. 2. 3) and eight years later those of Tiberius (our classical authorities do not expressly mention it, but they would undoubtedly have emphasised his exclusion; and CIL vi. 885, the inscription on his funeral urn, which was still preserved in the sixteenth century, agrees absolutely in content with the rest of those from the mausoleum). His successor Caligula, whose mother Agrippina and brothers Nero and Drusus had died-the first two in exile, the last in the cellars of the
, and HJ 615, n. 37. Whether the fragment of an elogium of Lucius (CIL vi. 895 =31r 95) belonged to the mausoleum is not certain), though perhaps in a separate monument, or perhaps only in a separate chamber (Cass. Dio lxxviii. 24: to/ te sw=ma au)th=s(Julia Domna) e)s th\n (*rwmhn a)naxqe\n e)n tw=| tou= *gai/ou tou= tw *louki/ou mnh/mati katete/qh. U(/steron me/ntoi kai\ e)nei=ka ... pro\s th=s *mai/shs ... e)s to\ tou= )*antwni/nou teme/nisma metekomi/sqh). See SEP. C. ET L. CAESARIS. In 14 A.D. Augustus' own ashes were placed here (Cass. Dio Ivi. 42; Tac. Ann. i. 8). He had in his will excluded his daughter Julia and her daughter from burial in his mausoleum (Suet. Aug. 110; Cass. Dio lvi. 32). Hirschfeld seems to lay too much stress on the statement in the Mirabilia (ยง 22, ap. Jord. ii. 629) that there was an apse in the centre of the mausoleum, in which there had been a seated statue of Augustus. Next followed (soon after 19) Germanicus (Tac. Ann. iii. 4: reliquiae tumulo Augus
icitous ; and his article, while containing valuable information, is in most details misleading. Thus, the unit of measurement used in P. A. Bufalini's plan is not the span (=25 cm.), but the palm (=223 mm.). In front of the entrance stood two obelisks (see OBELISCI MAUSOLEI AUGUSTI); and the mausoleum was surrounded by a spacious park planted with trees and laid out with walks. The first individual whose ashes were placed in the mausoleum was Augustus' heir designate Marcellus, who died in 23 B.C. (Cass. Dio liii. 30. 5; Verg. Aen. vi. 873: quae, Tiberine, videbis funera cum tumulum praeterlabere recentem; Consol. ad Liv. 67) ; An inscription bearing his name and that of his mother has been found, and also (probably) the urn of the latter. then Agrippa in 12 B.C. (Cass. Dio liv. 28. 5:au)to\n e)n tw=| e(autou= mnhmei/w| e)/qaye, kai/toi e)/dion e)n tw=| )*arei/w pedi/w| labo/nta; see SEPULCRUM AGRIPPAE), and Drusus in 9 B.C. (Cass. Dio lv. 2. 3: Consol. cit.: Suet. Claud. I; cf. TU
r.; but it is surprising that the mausoleum as a whole is not enumerated in the text among the monuments of Regio IX. The story of its plundering by Alaric in 410 has no historical foundation, and we know nothing of its destruction. During the whole of the Middle Ages it kept its name-Mons Augustus in 955-962 (ASRSP 1899, 269); while the churches of S. Angelus de Augusta, S. Georgius de Augusta, S. Iacobus de Augusta and S. Marina de Posterula prope montem Augustum are mentioned in the twelfth century (Arm. 324 f.; HCh 195, 254, 265, 315, 380-381) and the portus Aguste or Austu in the thirteenth, from which marble was shipped for the construction of the Cathedral of Orvieto (BC 1897, 295). The ruins were converted into a fortress by the Colonna family, and its destruction in 167 led to considerable damage to the ruins. The fortifications were, however, repaired in 1241. The body of Cola di Rienzo was burnt here in 1354. By the sixteenth century it had become a garden; it then belonge
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