hide Sorting

You can sort these results in two ways:

By entity
Chronological order for dates, alphabetical order for places and people.
By position (current method)
As the entities appear in the document.

You are currently sorting in ascending order. Sort in descending order.

hide Most Frequent Entities

The entities that appear most frequently in this document are shown below.

Entity Max. Freq Min. Freq
43 BC 170 170 Browse Search
44 BC 146 146 Browse Search
49 BC 140 140 Browse Search
45 BC 124 124 Browse Search
54 BC 121 121 Browse Search
46 BC 119 119 Browse Search
63 BC 109 109 Browse Search
48 BC 106 106 Browse Search
69 AD 95 95 Browse Search
59 BC 90 90 Browse Search
View all entities in this document...

Browsing named entities in a specific section of A Dictionary of Greek and Roman biography and mythology (ed. William Smith). Search the whole document.

Found 24 total hits in 20 results.

1 2
424 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
ans, who give to Cratinus only twenty-one plays, may be reconciled on the supposition that some of these plays had been lost when the grammarians wrote, as, for example, the *Sa/turoi and *Xeimazo/menoi, which are mentioned only in the Didascalia of the Knights and Acharnians. Dateable Plays The following are the plays of Cratinus, the date of which is known with certainty :-- B. C. >About 448. *)Arxi/loxoi. In 425. *Xeimazo/menoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Acharnians. 424. *Sa/turoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Knights. 423. *Puti/nh, 1st prize. 2nd. Ameipsias, *Ko/nnos. 3rd. Aristoph. *Nefe/lai. Ancient Commentators The chief ancient commentators on Cratinus were Asclepiades, Didymus, Callistratus, Euphronius, Symmachus, Aristarchus, and the Scholiasts. Edition Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. i. pp. 43-58, ii. pp. 13-232. Further Information Bergk, Comment. de Reliq. Com. Alt., the first part of which is upon Cratinus only.
425 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
=Wrai. The difference between this list and the statement of the grammarians, who give to Cratinus only twenty-one plays, may be reconciled on the supposition that some of these plays had been lost when the grammarians wrote, as, for example, the *Sa/turoi and *Xeimazo/menoi, which are mentioned only in the Didascalia of the Knights and Acharnians. Dateable Plays The following are the plays of Cratinus, the date of which is known with certainty :-- B. C. >About 448. *)Arxi/loxoi. In 425. *Xeimazo/menoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Acharnians. 424. *Sa/turoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Knights. 423. *Puti/nh, 1st prize. 2nd. Ameipsias, *Ko/nnos. 3rd. Aristoph. *Nefe/lai. Ancient Commentators The chief ancient commentators on Cratinus were Asclepiades, Didymus, Callistratus, Euphronius, Symmachus, Aristarchus, and the Scholiasts. Edition Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. i. pp. 43-58, ii. pp. 13-232. Further Information Bergk, Comm
460 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
mic poets rose and fell together. Nay, if we are to believe Cicero, the law itself granted them impunity. (De Repub. 4.10: "apud quos [Graecos] fuit etiam lege concessum, ut quod vellet comoedia de quo vellet nominatim diceret.") The same thing is stated, though not so distinctly,by Themistius. (Orat. viii. p. 110b.) This flourishing period lasted from the establishment of the Athenian power after the Persian war down to the end of the Peloponnesian war, or perhaps a few years later (about B. C. 460-393). The exercise of this license, however, was not altogether unopposed. In addition to what could be done personally by such men as Cleon and Alcibiades, the law itself interfered on more than one occasion. In the archonship of Morychides (B. C. 440-439), a law was made prohibiting the comic poets from holding a living person up to ridicule by bringing him on the stage by name (yh/fisma tou= mh\ kwmfdei=n o)nomasti/, Schol. Arist. Acharn. 67; Meineke, Hist. Crit. p. 40). This law remai
422 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
ristophanes also, in the Peace, which was acted in 419 B. C., says that Cratinus died o(/q) oi( *La/kwnes e)ne/balon. (Pax, 700, 701.) A doubt has been raised as to what invasion Aristophanes meant. He cannot refer to any of the great invasions mentioned by Thucydides, and we are therefore compelled to suppose some irruption of a part of the Lacedaemonian army into Attica at the time when the armistice, which was made shortly before the negotiations for the fifty years' truce, was broken. (B. C. 422.) Now Lucian says (l.c.) that Cratinus lived 97 years. Thus his birth would fall in B. C. 519. If we may trust the grammarians and chronographers, Cratinus did not begin his dramatic career till he was far advanced in life. According to an Anonymous writer on Comedy (p. xxix), he gained his first victory after the 85th Olympiad, that is, later than B. C. 437, and when he was more than 80 years old. This date is suspicious in itself, and is falsified by circumstantial evidence. For exampl
392 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
but by the exhaustion resulting from the war, in consequence of which the choruses could not be maintained with their ancient splendour. We even find a play of Cratinus without Chorus or Parabasis, namely, the *)Odussei=s, but this was during the 85th Olympiad, when the above-mentioned law was in force. The old comedy, having thus declined, was at length brought to an end by the attacks of the dithyrambic poet Cinesias, and of Agyrrhius, and was succeeded by the Middle Comedy (about B. C. 393-392; Meineke, pp. 42, 43). Influence on the outward form of comedy Besides what Cratinus did to give a new character and power to comedy, he is said to have made changes in its outward form, so as to bring it into better order, especially by fixing the number of actors, which had before been indefinite, at three. (Anon. de Com. p. xxxii.) On the other hand, however, Aristotle says, that no one knew who made this and other such changes. (Poet. 5.4.) Character of Cratinus The character of Cra
393 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
hough not so distinctly,by Themistius. (Orat. viii. p. 110b.) This flourishing period lasted from the establishment of the Athenian power after the Persian war down to the end of the Peloponnesian war, or perhaps a few years later (about B. C. 460-393). The exercise of this license, however, was not altogether unopposed. In addition to what could be done personally by such men as Cleon and Alcibiades, the law itself interfered on more than one occasion. In the archonship of Morychides (B. C. 44the 85th Olympiad, when the above-mentioned law was in force. The old comedy, having thus declined, was at length brought to an end by the attacks of the dithyrambic poet Cinesias, and of Agyrrhius, and was succeeded by the Middle Comedy (about B. C. 393-392; Meineke, pp. 42, 43). Influence on the outward form of comedy Besides what Cratinus did to give a new character and power to comedy, he is said to have made changes in its outward form, so as to bring it into better order, especially by
423 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
ans, who give to Cratinus only twenty-one plays, may be reconciled on the supposition that some of these plays had been lost when the grammarians wrote, as, for example, the *Sa/turoi and *Xeimazo/menoi, which are mentioned only in the Didascalia of the Knights and Acharnians. Dateable Plays The following are the plays of Cratinus, the date of which is known with certainty :-- B. C. >About 448. *)Arxi/loxoi. In 425. *Xeimazo/menoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Acharnians. 424. *Sa/turoi, 2nd prize. Aristophanes was first, with the Knights. 423. *Puti/nh, 1st prize. 2nd. Ameipsias, *Ko/nnos. 3rd. Aristoph. *Nefe/lai. Ancient Commentators The chief ancient commentators on Cratinus were Asclepiades, Didymus, Callistratus, Euphronius, Symmachus, Aristarchus, and the Scholiasts. Edition Meineke, Frag. Com. Graec. i. pp. 43-58, ii. pp. 13-232. Further Information Bergk, Comment. de Reliq. Com. Alt., the first part of which is upon Cratinus only.
454 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
nd there are a few other fragments which evidently belong to an earlier period than the 85th Olympiad. Again, Crates the comic poet acted the plays of Cratinus before he began to write himself ; but Crates began to write in B. C. 449-448. We can therefore have no hesitation in preferring the date of Eusebius (Chron. s. a. Ol. 81. 3; Syncell. p. 339), although he is manifestly wrong in joining the name of Plato with that of Cratinus. According to this testimony, Cratinus began to exhibit in B. C. 454-453, in about the 66th year of his age. Of his personal history very little is known. His father's name was Callimedes, and he himself was taxiarch of the *Fulh/ *Oi)nh/i+s. (Suid. s. vv. *Krati=nos, *)Ereiou= deilo/teros.) In the latter passage he is charged with excessive cowardice. Of the charges which Suidas brings against the moral character of Cratinus, one is unsupported by any other testimony, though, if it had been true, it is not likely that Aristophanes would have been silent
519 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
( *La/kwnes e)ne/balon. (Pax, 700, 701.) A doubt has been raised as to what invasion Aristophanes meant. He cannot refer to any of the great invasions mentioned by Thucydides, and we are therefore compelled to suppose some irruption of a part of the Lacedaemonian army into Attica at the time when the armistice, which was made shortly before the negotiations for the fifty years' truce, was broken. (B. C. 422.) Now Lucian says (l.c.) that Cratinus lived 97 years. Thus his birth would fall in B. C. 519. If we may trust the grammarians and chronographers, Cratinus did not begin his dramatic career till he was far advanced in life. According to an Anonymous writer on Comedy (p. xxix), he gained his first victory after the 85th Olympiad, that is, later than B. C. 437, and when he was more than 80 years old. This date is suspicious in itself, and is falsified by circumstantial evidence. For example, in one fragment he blames the tardiness of Pericles in completing the long walls which we k
436 BC (search for this): entry cratinus-bio-1
bringing him on the stage by name (yh/fisma tou= mh\ kwmfdei=n o)nomasti/, Schol. Arist. Acharn. 67; Meineke, Hist. Crit. p. 40). This law remained in force for the two following years, and was annulled in the archonship of Euthymenes. (B. C. 437-436.) Another restriction, which probably belongs to about the same time, was the law that no Areopagite should write comedies. (Plut. Bell. an Pac. praest. Ath. p. 348c.) From B. C. 436 the old comedy flourished in its highest vigour, till a series oB. C. 436 the old comedy flourished in its highest vigour, till a series of attacks was made upon it by a certain Syracosius, who is suspected, with great probability, of having been suborned by Alcibiades. This Syracosius carried a law, mh\ kwmw|dei=sqai o)nomasti/ tina, probably about B. C. 416-415, which did not, however, remain in force long. (Schol. Arist. Av. 1297.) A similar law is said to have been carried by Antimachus, but this is perhaps a mistake. (Schol. Arist. Acharn. 1149 ; Meineke, p. 41.) That the brief aristocratical revolution of 411 B. C. affected
1 2