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id. p. 540, &c.) Meidias found means to prevent any decision being given for a period of eight years, and at length, in B. C. 354, he had an opportunity to take revenge upon Demosthenes, who had in that year voluntarily undertaken the choregia. Meidrates. The general esteem which Demosthenes enjoyed as early as that time is sufficiently attested by the fact, that in B. C. 354, in spite of all the intrigues of Meidias, he was confirmed in the dignity of *Bouleuth/s, to which he had been elected p. 552). The active part he took in public affairs is further attested by the orations which belong to this period: in B. C. 354 he spoke against the projected expedition to Euboea, though without success, and he himself afterwards joined in it und. ad Leptin. p. 124; Schaefer, Apparat. Crit. i. p. 686. 13. *Peri\ *Summoriw=n *Peri\ *Summoriw=n, was delivered in B. C. 354. See Amersfoordt, Introduct. in Orat. de Symmor. Lugdun. Bat. 1821, reprinted in Schaefer's Appar. Crit. vol. i.; Parre
ed his orations against Androtion and Timocrates, which belong to B. C. 355, so that the birth of Demosthenes would fall in B. C. 383 or 382,is event come forward as a speaker in the public assembly, for in B. C. 355 he had delivered the orations against Leptines and Androtion (DioLepti/nhn *Peri\ th=s a)telei/as pro\s *Lepti/nhn, was spoken in B. C. 355. Editions It has been edited separately by F. A. Wolf, Halle, kondu/lou *Kata\ *Meidi/ou peri\ tou= kondu/lou, was composed in B. C. 355. Editions There are separate editions by Buttmann (Berlin, 182oti/wnos parano/mwn *Kata\ *)Androti/wnos parano/mwn, belongs to B. C. 355, and has been edited separately by Funkhänel, Leipzig, 1832. 22 *Zhno/qemin *Paragrafh\ pro\s *Zhno/qemin, falls after the year B. C. 355. 32. *Pro\s *)Apatou/rion paragrhrafh/ *Pro\s *)Apatou/rion palou kai\ *Mnhsibou/lou yeudomarturiw=n, belongs to the time after B. C. 355. Its genuineness is doubted by Harpocr. s. vv. *)Ekaki/stroun and
afterwards joined in it under Phocion. (Dem. de Pace, p. 58, c. Meid. p. 558.) In the same year he delivered the oration peri\ summorw=n, in which he successfully dissuaded the Athenians from their foolish scheme of undertaking a war against Persia (Dem. de Rhod. lib. p. 192), and in B. C. 353 he spoke for the Megalopolitans (u(pe\r *Megalopoltw=n), and opposed the Spartans, who had solicited the aid of Athens to reduce Megalopolis. The one hundred and sixth Olympiad, or the period from B. C. 356, is the beginning of the career of Demosthenes as one of the leading statesmen of Athens, and henceforth the history of his life is closely mixed up with that of his country; for there is no question affecting the public good in which he did not take the most active part, and support with all the power of his oratory what he considered right and beneficial to the state. King Philip of Macedonia had commenced in B. C. 358 his encroachments upon the possessions of Athens in the north of the
h/ *Pro\s *)Apatou/rion paragrhrafh/, is of uncertain date. 33. *Pro\s *Formi/wna peri\ danei/ou *Pro\s *Formi/wna peri\ danei/ou, was spoken in B. C. 332. See Baumstark, Prolegom. in Orat Demosth. adv. Phorm., Heidelberg, 1826. 34. *Pros th\n *Lakri/tou paragrafh/n *Pros th\n *Lakri/tou paragrafh/n, is of uncertain date, and its genuineness is doubted by some of the ancients. See the Greek Argumentum. 35. *(Upe\r *Formi/wnos paragrafh/ *(Upe\r *Formi/wnos paragrafh/, belongs to B. C. 350. 36. *Pro\s *Pantai/neton paragrafh/ *Pro\s *Pantai/neton paragrafh/, falls after B. C. 347. 37. *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/ *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/, is of uncertain date. 38. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos, belongs to B. C. 351 or 350, and was ascribed by some of the ancients to Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch. 13.) See Böckh, Urkund. über. das Att. Seewesen, p. 22, &c. 39. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n
then. cujus ordinat. et correct. in orat. *Peri\ *Summ. inscripta suadet Demosth., Magdeburg, 1836. 14. *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n, B. C. 353. 15. *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn e)leuqeri/as *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn e)leuqeri/as, B. C. 351. 16. *Peri\ tw=n pro\s *)Ale/candron sunqhkw=n *Peri\ tw=n pro\s *)Ale/candron sunqhkw=n, refers to B. C. 325, and was recognized as spurious by the ancients themselves. (Dionys. de Admir. vi die. Dem. 57; Liban. Argum. p. 211.) II. Judicialls after B. C. 347. 37. *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/ *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/, is of uncertain date. 38. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos, belongs to B. C. 351 or 350, and was ascribed by some of the ancients to Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch. 13.) See Böckh, Urkund. über. das Att. Seewesen, p. 22, &c. 39. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n n(pe\r proiko\s mhtrw/|as *Pro\s *Boiwto\n n(pe\r proiko\s mhtrw/|as, B. C. 3
edonia, although the necessity of such a plan had been pointed out, and proposals had been made for it by Demosthenes in his first Philippic, which was spoken in B. C. 352. Philip's attack upon Olynthus in B. C. 349, which terminated in the year following with the conquest of the place, deprived the Athenians of their last strongho1825 and 1835), C. A. Rüdiger (Leipzig, 1818, 1829 and 1833), and J. T. Vömel. (Frankfurt, 1829.) 1. The first Philippic The first Philippic was delivered in B. C. 352, and is believed by some to be made up of two distinct orations, the second of which is supposed to commence at p. 48 with the words a(\ me\n h(mei=s. (Dionys. Endroti/wnos parano/mwn, belongs to B. C. 355, and has been edited separately by Funkhänel, Leipzig, 1832. 22. *Kata\ *)Aridtokra/tous *Kata\ *)Aridtokra/tous, B. C. 352. See Rumpf, De Charidemo Orita, Giessen, 1815. 23. *Kata\ *Timokra/tous *Kata\ *Timokra/tous, B. C. 353. See Blume, Prolegom. in Demosth. Orat. c. Timocrat.,
gement of the guilt of his enemy. This affair belongs to the year B. C. 353, in which also the extant oration against Meidias was written, bu against Leptines and Androtion (Dionys. Ep. ad Amm. 1.4), and in B. C. 353 the oration against Timocrates. The general esteem which Demostheertaking a war against Persia (Dem. de Rhod. lib. p. 192), and in B. C. 353 he spoke for the Megalopolitans (u(pe\r *Megalopoltw=n), and oppoonian, and make head against him. It was only on one occasion, in B. C. 353, that the Athenians gained decided advantages by a diversion of tOrations. 12. *Peri\ *Sunta/cews *Peri\ *Sunta/cews, refers to B. C. 353, but is acknowledged on all hands to be spurious. F. A. Wolf, Prorg, 1836. 14. *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n *(Upe\r *Megalopolitw=n, B. C. 353. 15. *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn e)leuqeri/as *Peri\ th=s *(Rodi/wn Giessen, 1815. 23. *Kata\ *Timokra/tous *Kata\ *Timokra/tous, B. C. 353. See Blume, Prolegom. in Demosth. Orat. c. Timocrat., Berlin, 182
on to his becoming a member of the Amphictyonic league. The mischief, however, was done, and in order to prevent still more serious consequences, Demosthenes, in B. C. 346, delivered his oration " on the peace" (pepi\ ei)rh/nhs), and the people gave way. From this time forward the two political parties are fully developed, and option of the Olynthiac orations, with notes, by C. H. Frotscher and C. H. Funkhänel, Leipzig, 1834, 8vo. 5. On the Peace The oration on the Peace, delivered in B. C. 346. Respecting the question as to whether this oration was actually delivered or not, see Becker, Philippische Reden, i. p. 222, &c., and Vömel, Prolegom. ad Orat. in date. 55. *Kata\ *Dionusodw/rou bla/bhs *Kata\ *Dionusodw/rou bla/bhs, B. C. 329. 56. *)/Efesis pro\s *Eu)bouli/dhn *)/Efesis pro\s *Eu)bouli/dhn, after B. C. 346. 57. *Kata\ *Qeokri/nou e)/ndeicis *Kata\ *Qeokri/nou e)/ndeicis, belongs to B. C. 325, but is probably the work of Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch. 10; Argum.
neness is doubted by some of the ancients. See the Greek Argumentum. 35. *(Upe\r *Formi/wnos paragrafh/ *(Upe\r *Formi/wnos paragrafh/, belongs to B. C. 350. 36. *Pro\s *Pantai/neton paragrafh/ *Pro\s *Pantai/neton paragrafh/, falls after B. C. 347. 37. *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/ *Pro\s *Nausi/maxon kai\ *Cenopei/qh paragrafh/, is of uncertain date. 38. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos *Pro\s *Boiwto\n peri\ tou o)no/maatos, belongs to B. C. 351 or 350, and was ascribed by some of the ancients to Deinarchus. (Dionys. Deinarch. 13.) See Böckh, Urkund. über. das Att. Seewesen, p. 22, &c. 39. *Pro\s *Boiwto\n n(pe\r proiko\s mhtrw/|as *Pro\s *Boiwto\n n(pe\r proiko\s mhtrw/|as, B. C. 347. 40. *Pro\s *Spoudi/an u(pe\r proiko/s *Pro\s *Spoudi/an u(pe\r proiko/s, of uncertain date. 41. *Pro\s *Fai/nippon peri\ a)ntido/sews *Pro\s *Fai/nippon peri\ a)ntido/sews, of uncertain date. The genuineness of this oration is doubted by the author of the
ny definite plan in the war against Macedonia, although the necessity of such a plan had been pointed out, and proposals had been made for it by Demosthenes in his first Philippic, which was spoken in B. C. 352. Philip's attack upon Olynthus in B. C. 349, which terminated in the year following with the conquest of the place, deprived the Athenians of their last stronghold in the north. At the request of several embassies from the Olynthians, and on the impressive exhortation of Demosthenes in h. dicitur, Vratislaviae, 1831, and especially by Seebeck in the Zeitschrift für d. Alterthumswiss. for 1838, No. 91, &c. 2-4. The first, second, and third Olynthiac Orations The first, second, and third Olynthiac orations belong to the year B. C. 349. Dionysius (Ep. ad Amm. 1.4) makes the second the first, and the third the second in the series; and this order has been defended by R. Rauchenstein, de Orat. Olynth. ordine, Leipz. 1821, which is reprinted in vol. i. of Schaefer's Apparatus.
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