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445 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
date of his birth. That Protagoras had already acquired fame during his residence in Abdera cannot be inferred from the doubtful statement, that he was termed by the Abderites lo/gos, and Democritus filosofi/a or sofi/a. (Ael. VH 4.20; comp. Suid. s. vv. *Prwtag. *Dhmo/kr., &c. Phavorinus, in D. L. 9.50, gives to Protagoras the designation of tofi/a). He was the first who called himself a sophist, and taught for pay (Plat. Protag. p. 349a.; D. L. 9.52). He must have come to Athens before B. C. 445, since, according to the statement of Heracleides Ponticus (D. L. 9.50), he gave laws to the Thurians, or, what is more probable, adapted for the use of the new coloists, who left Athens for the first time in that year, the laws which had been drawn up at an earlier period by Charondas, for the use of the Chalcidic colonies (for according to Diod. 12.1. 3, and others, these laws were in force at Thurii likewise). Whether he himself removed to Thurii, we do not learn, but at the time of the
444 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
s, that he reached the age of ninety years, D. L. 9.55, Schol. in Plat. de Rep. x. p. 600, is of no weight), after he had practised the sophistic art for forty years, and had by flight withdrawn himself from the accusation of Pythodorus, one of the Four Hundred, who governed Athens in B. C. 411 (D. L. 9.54 ; comp. Philostratus, l.c. Aristotle mentioned Euathlus, the disciple of Protagoras, as his accuser, Diog. Laert. l.c.). Apollodorus, therefore, might very well assign the 84th Olympiad (B. C. 444) as the period when he flourished (D. L. 9.54, 56). A more accurate determination of the date of his death, and thence of his birth, cannot be extracted from a fragment of the Silli of Timon (in Sext. Emp. ad v. Math. 9.57), and a passage of Plato (Theaet. p. 171d.), as the placing together of Protagoras and Socrates in them does not presuppose that their deaths were contemporaneous. Nor are we justified in concluding from the boastful expression of the sophist (Plat. Prot. p. 317c.), that
406 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
e Silli of Timon (in Sext. Emp. ad v. Math. 9.57), and a passage of Plato (Theaet. p. 171d.), as the placing together of Protagoras and Socrates in them does not presuppose that their deaths were contemporaneous. Nor are we justified in concluding from the boastful expression of the sophist (Plat. Prot. p. 317c.), that he was twenty years older than Socrates. On the other hand, if Euripides alluded to his death in the Ixion (according to Philochorus in D. L. 9.55), he must have died before B. C. 406 or 407, i. e. before the death of Euripides. With preponderating probability, therefore, Frei places the death of Protagoras in B. C. 411, assuming that Pythodorus accused him during the government of the Four Hundred (Quaest. Protey. p. 64), and accordingly assigns about B. C. 480 as the date of his birth. That Protagoras had already acquired fame during his residence in Abdera cannot be inferred from the doubtful statement, that he was termed by the Abderites lo/gos, and Democritus fil
411 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
s, D. L. 9.55, Schol. in Plat. de Rep. x. p. 600, is of no weight), after he had practised the sophistic art for forty years, and had by flight withdrawn himself from the accusation of Pythodorus, one of the Four Hundred, who governed Athens in B. C. 411 (D. L. 9.54 ; comp. Philostratus, l.c. Aristotle mentioned Euathlus, the disciple of Protagoras, as his accuser, Diog. Laert. l.c.). Apollodorus, therefore, might very well assign the 84th Olympiad (B. C. 444) as the period when he flourished (pides alluded to his death in the Ixion (according to Philochorus in D. L. 9.55), he must have died before B. C. 406 or 407, i. e. before the death of Euripides. With preponderating probability, therefore, Frei places the death of Protagoras in B. C. 411, assuming that Pythodorus accused him during the government of the Four Hundred (Quaest. Protey. p. 64), and accordingly assigns about B. C. 480 as the date of his birth. That Protagoras had already acquired fame during his residence in Abder
500 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
ore convenient carrying of burdens (D. L. 9.53; comp. Frei, l.c. p. 6, &c.). Moreover, whether Protagoras was, as later ancient authorities assumed (D. L. 9.50; Clem. Alex. Strom. i. p. 301d., &c.), a disciple of Democritus, with whom in point of doctrine he had absolutely nothing in common, is very doubtful, and Frei (l.c. p. 24, &c.) has undertaken to show that Protagoras was some twenty years older than Democritus. If, in fact, Anaxagoras, as is confirmed in various ways, was born about B. C. 500, and was forty years older than Democritus, according to the latter's own statement (D. L. 9.41; comp. 34), Protagoras must have been older than Democritus, as it is certain that Protagoras was older than Socrates, who was born B. C. 468 (Plat. Protag. p. 317c., 314, b., 361, e.; comp. D. L. 9.42, 56), and died before him at the age of nearly seventy (Plat. Meno, p. 91e.; comp. Theaet. p. 171d., 164, e., Euthlyd. p. 286c.; the assumption of others, that he reached the age of ninety years,
468 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
point of doctrine he had absolutely nothing in common, is very doubtful, and Frei (l.c. p. 24, &c.) has undertaken to show that Protagoras was some twenty years older than Democritus. If, in fact, Anaxagoras, as is confirmed in various ways, was born about B. C. 500, and was forty years older than Democritus, according to the latter's own statement (D. L. 9.41; comp. 34), Protagoras must have been older than Democritus, as it is certain that Protagoras was older than Socrates, who was born B. C. 468 (Plat. Protag. p. 317c., 314, b., 361, e.; comp. D. L. 9.42, 56), and died before him at the age of nearly seventy (Plat. Meno, p. 91e.; comp. Theaet. p. 171d., 164, e., Euthlyd. p. 286c.; the assumption of others, that he reached the age of ninety years, D. L. 9.55, Schol. in Plat. de Rep. x. p. 600, is of no weight), after he had practised the sophistic art for forty years, and had by flight withdrawn himself from the accusation of Pythodorus, one of the Four Hundred, who governed Athens
480 BC (search for this): entry protagoras-bio-1
sophist (Plat. Prot. p. 317c.), that he was twenty years older than Socrates. On the other hand, if Euripides alluded to his death in the Ixion (according to Philochorus in D. L. 9.55), he must have died before B. C. 406 or 407, i. e. before the death of Euripides. With preponderating probability, therefore, Frei places the death of Protagoras in B. C. 411, assuming that Pythodorus accused him during the government of the Four Hundred (Quaest. Protey. p. 64), and accordingly assigns about B. C. 480 as the date of his birth. That Protagoras had already acquired fame during his residence in Abdera cannot be inferred from the doubtful statement, that he was termed by the Abderites lo/gos, and Democritus filosofi/a or sofi/a. (Ael. VH 4.20; comp. Suid. s. vv. *Prwtag. *Dhmo/kr., &c. Phavorinus, in D. L. 9.50, gives to Protagoras the designation of tofi/a). He was the first who called himself a sophist, and taught for pay (Plat. Protag. p. 349a.; D. L. 9.52). He must have come to Athens